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Worms Friend OR Foe ? http://curezone.com/image_gallery/parasites/all/default.asp?i=1&n=75 http://www.quia.com/jg/352695list.html http://www.dof.virginia.gov/images/anim-worm-crawl.gif WHERE DO THEY LIVE? http://www.ci.austin.tx.us/sws/images/grasscycling.jpg _______________ FREE LIVING Found in environment PARASITIC _______________ Live on or in another organism http://curezone.com/image_gallery/parasites/all/default.asp?i=66&n=75 PARASITIC WORMS Animal host where ADULT feeds and PRIMARY reproduces = ______________HOST Animal host where LARVAL form lives and feeds = ______________ INTERMEDIATE HOST FLATWORMS PYLUM: Platyhelminthes FREE LIVING Planaria PARASITIC Flukes & Tapeworms PLATYHELMINTHES (Flatworms) http://www.lander.edu/RSFOX/310images/310bilatImage.html ALL FLATWORMS are ACOELOMATES! http://www.quia.com/jg/352695list.html PLANARIA NOT PARASITES http://www.notatall.blogger.com.br/planaria.jpg ONE opening digestive system http://www.biologia.edu.ar/animales/images/planaria.jpg GASTROVASCULAR CAVITY (Combination Digestive & circulatory) EXCRETORY • FLAME CELLS collect excess water and nitrogen waste • Excreted through pores in skin http://tim.nccu.edu.tw/biotech/biolife/maricopa/flatwormexcret.gif Moving cilia look like little “flames” REPRODUCTION http://www.notatall.blogger.com.br/planaria.jpg SEXUALHERMAPHRODITES (have both ovary & testes in one organism) but trade with a partner ASEXUALcan use regeneration to grow a new organism from part of parent worm http://faculty.stcc.edu/rapp/biol102/biology_links.htm PARASITIC FLATWORM Schistosoma NOT IN USA but infects over 250 million people worldwide http://www.coc.org/focus/food/pics/rice_paddy.jpg Worms can block blood vessels to organs causing irritation, bleeding, tissue decay producing disease called = __________________ SCHISTOSOMIASIS http://www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/~parasite/lifecycles/schistosoma_lifecycle.gif HUMAN BLOOD FLUKE Schistosoma Adult worms mature & reproduce in blood vessels; eggs travel to intestines or bladder Immature worms burrow through skin into blood vessels Eggs leave body in urine or feces Larvae grow tails and leave snail Larva hatches from egg & infects snail (intermediate host) http://www.bangkokhealth.com/cimages/tapeworm02.jpg TAPEWORMS Dog tapeworm http://www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/~parasite/pictures/whole_tapeworms.GIF PARASITIC FLATWORM that lives in HOST animal intestines TAPEWORM VOCAB SCOLEX ____________Head with suckers and hooks to help hold on inside host http://www.nicksnowden.net/images/Taenia_scolex_drawing.gif TAPEWORM VOCAB PROGLOTTIDS ___________________hermaphroditic reproductive structures (contain both male & female sex organs) Contain fertilized eggs Shed in feces http://www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/~parasite/labeled_taenia.html WORM VOCAB TEGUMENT ______________ Thickened PROTECTIVE layer on the outside of worms made of CELLS CUTICLE _______________ NON-CELLULAR PROTECTIVE coating found on the outside of worms http://www.nicksnowden.net/images/Taenia_scolex_drawing.gif Attaches with SCOLEX http://www.esu.edu/~milewski/intro_biol_two/lab__10_platy_nemat/images/taenia_scolex.jpg http://www.microscopyu.com/galleries/smz1500/images/tapewormscolexsmall.jpg TAPEWORM http://curezone.com/image_gallery/parasites/all/default.asp?i=66&n=75 NO DIGESTIVE SYSTEM -absorbs nutrients through skin TEGUMENT protects them from host digestive enzymes and immune system http://curezone.com/image_gallery/parasites/all/default.asp?i=65&n=75 TAPEWORMS Can grow up to 30 ft (2000 proglottids) REPRODUCE WITH PROGLOTTIDS Add new proglottids behind scolex Mature ones drop off at tail end Leave body in feces EX: BEEF TAPEWORM Adults attach inside intestines and absorb digested food Humans eat undercooked meat containing cysts Proglottids burst releasing eggs with larvae inside on ground Cows eat grass; larvae travel through blood vessels; make cysts in muscle Proglottids are released in feces http://net.unl.edu/wonderwise/12parasi/a-para.htm ROUND WORMS Phylum: Nematoda Ascaris Trichinella Hookworms Pinworms Filarial worms http://curezone.com/image_gallery/parasites/all/default.asp?i=1&n=75 NEMATODA (Round worms) ALL ROUND WORMS are PSEUDOCOELOMATES http://www.lander.edu/RSFOX/310images/310bilatImage.html http://www.hillsdale.edu/Personal/Swinehart/Aquatics/Courses/Biodiv/ascaris_bolus.gif ROUND WORM Ascaris PARASITIC Have a 2 OPENING digestive system Lives in intestines Feeds on passing food http://www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/~parasite/images.html Females can grow up to 1 ft long & produce 200,000 eggs/day Humans become infected when they eat FOOD or WATER contaminated with eggs Image from: http://www.cibike.org/CartoonEating.gif http://curezone.com/image_gallery/parasites/all/default.asp?i=0&n=75 Most common worm infection WORLD WIDE Mostly in children Estimated 25% of world’s population is infected with Ascaris ROUND WORM Trichinella Humans infected by eating undercooked meat containing cysts Cysts release larvae that burrow into intestinal wall & mature Larvae forms cysts in muscle Adults release larvae that travel through bloodstream to muscles http://jeggeri.pri.ee/Kontuur/Loomad/pig.gif http://www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/~parasite/lifecycles/trichinella_lifecycle.html http://www.umm.edu/images/ency/fullsize/trichinella_spiralis_in_human_muscle_2638.jpg Trichinella Trichinella infection can lead to disease TRICHINOSIScalled = __________________ Symptoms: Muscle pain & stiffness Can be fatal if cysts form in heart http://sps.k12.ar.us/massengale/unsegm3.jpg TRICHINOSIS Less than 100 cases/year in USA from PORK Most from eating wild game Curing (salting), drying, smoking, or microwaving meat does not consistently kill infective worms. PARASITIC ROUND WORMS Guinea worm http://curezone.com/image_gallery/parasites/all/default.asp?i=5&n=75 Found in AFRICA http://curezone.com/image_gallery/parasites/all/default.asp?i=6&n=75 PARASITIC ROUND WORMS http://curezone.com/image_gallery/parasites/all/default.asp?i=5&n=75 Guinea worm Female bodies under skin fill with eggs and break open; larvae form blisters Blisters pop and larvae are released in water Larvae eaten by small crustaceans Humans infected by drinking water Larvae mature and adult worms migrate to skin http://curezone.com/image_gallery/parasites/all/default.asp?i=6&n=75 FILARIAL ROUNDWORMS are transmitted by insects DISEASES caused by FILARIAL ROUND WORMS DOG HEARTWORM Elephantiasis Loa Loa - eye worm FILARIAL ROUND WORMS DOG HEARTWORM Carried by mosquitoes http://curezone.com/image_gallery/parasites/all/default.asp?i=66&n=75 DISEASES caused by FILARIAL ROUND WORMS Elephantiasis Adult worms live in lymph nodes causing blockage so fluid back ups http://www2.niaid.nih.gov/NR/rdonlyres/32FF6DCF-75CF-42D0-BCAE-297EFDE27CF1/0/elephantiasis.jpg ELEPHANTIASIS Common in tropical countries Adult worms can grow to 4” long http://health-pictures.com/elephantiasis-picture.htm ELEPHANTIASIS Mosquito picks up larvae from blood when it feeds Adult worms live and reproduce in lymph vessels Larvae develop into juveniles inside mosquito Mosquito injects juveniles which migrate to lymph nodes and mature http://www.acm.uiuc.edu/sigbio/project/updated-lymphatic/lymph3.html FILARIAL ROUND WORMS Loa loa Found in AFRICA http://www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/~parasite/loa.html Loa Loa worm • Humans are infected with larvae when bitten by loa fly • Larvae mature & crawl around under skin (especially near face) • Adults mate and produce larvae which can be picked up by another fly and transmitted to another person http://maven.smith.edu/~sawlab/fgn/pnb/loaloa.html PARASITIC ROUND WORMS Hookworms http://curezone.com/image_gallery/parasites/all/default.asp?i=1&n=75 http://www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/~parasite/placoconus.html Live in intestine; feed on BLOOD Ancylostoma HOOKWORM LIFE CYCLE Larvae are coughed up & swallowed; Larvae enter body by burrowing through skin on feet & travel to lungs Return to intestines; mature & mate Adult worms live in intestine and feed on blood Eggs leave body in feces and hatch as larvae in soil http://www.extension.iastate.edu/polk/health/carbon/fact3.htm http://www.retiredgreyhounds.co.uk/page12.htm http://www.barefooters.org/1995-spring/gifs/mtn_pjl_feet.jpg Hookworms in Humans • PROBLEMS caused by migrating larvae • Cause intense reaction in skin at site • Infect 40 million people worldwide Parasitic ROUND WORMS Pinworms • Most common parasitic infection IN UNITED STATES • 1/5 children are infected • Worldwide 500 million people are infected with pinworms Grow up to ½ inch long http://curezone.com/image_gallery/parasites/all/default.asp?i=16&n=75 Parasitic ROUND WORMS • Adult Pinworms live in intestine • Females crawl out through anus at night and lay 15,000/day eggs on skin • Intense itching causes host to scratch • Eggs under fingernails and on hands are spread back to self or to others when objects/food are touched SEGMENTED WORMS (PHYLUM: ANNELIDA) ALL SEGMENTED WORMS are EUCOELOMATES! “True coelom” http://www.lander.edu/RSFOX/310images/310bilatImage.html SEGMENTED WORMS Annelida FREE LIVING Earthworms PARASITIC Leeches SEGMENTED WORMS Earthworms play an important role in soil fertility Return nutrients to soil by decomposing dead leaves and organic matter “intestines of the earth” -Aristotle Burrowing allows air and water to penetrate to roots Tunnels loosen soil so roots can grow more easily PARASITIC SEGMENTED WORMS LEECHES Medical uses
