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Chapter 46 Section 3 The Respiratory System Objectives • Differentiate external respiration from internal respiration. • Trace the path of air from the atmosphere to the bloodstream. • Describe how gases are exchanged in the lungs and transported in the bloodstream. Chapter menu Resources Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Chapter 46 Section 3 The Respiratory System Respiration • The function of the respiratory system is to exchange gases with the cardiovascular system. • The respiratory system involves both external respiration and internal respiration. – External respiration is the exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the blood. – Internal respiration is the exchange of gases between the blood and the cells of the body. Chapter menu Resources Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Chapter 46 Section 3 The Respiratory System The Human Respiratory System Chapter menu Resources Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Chapter 46 Section 3 The Respiratory System Parts of the Human Respiratory System Click below to watch the Visual Concept. Visual Concept Chapter menu Resources Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Chapter 46 Section 3 The Respiratory System The Lungs • The lungs are the central organs of the respiratory system in which gases are exchanged. • The lungs are located inside the thoracic cavity, which is bound by the rib cage and the diaphragm. Chapter menu Resources Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Chapter 46 Section 3 The Respiratory System The Lungs, continued • The Path of Air – External respiration begins at the mouth and at the nose. – Air is filtered & moved into the tube at the back of the mouth called the pharynx (aka throat). Chapter menu Resources Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Chapter 46 Section 3 The Respiratory System The Lungs, continued • The Path of Air, continued – Air then moves past the from the epiglottis into a cartilaginous tube, called the trachea. • The epiglottis is a flap of cartilage that hangs at the entrance of the larynx and directs food and air to the correct places. Chapter menu Resources Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Chapter 46 Section 3 The Respiratory System The Lungs, continued • The Path of Air, continued – At the end of the trachea, the air moves into the two bronchi and into the lungs. – The air then moves into smaller tubes called the bronchioles. – Air then moves to the alveoli where gas exchange takes place. Chapter menu Resources Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Chapter 46 Section 3 The Respiratory System Gas Exchange and Transport • Gas Exchange in the Lungs – Alveoli are surrounded by webs of capillaries. The air passes from the alveoli to the capillaries via diffusion to be transported throughout the body. – At the same time, carbon dioxide passes from the capillaries to the alveoli via diffusion to be exhaled as waste. Chapter menu Resources Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Chapter 46 Section 3 The Respiratory System Gas Exchange in the Lungs QuickTime™ and a Sorenson Video 3 decompressor are needed to see this picture. Chapter menu Resources Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Chapter 46 Section 3 The Respiratory System Gas Exchange and Transport, continued • Transport of Oxygen – Most of the oxygen absorbed into the blood combines with hemoglobin, which distributes the blood to cells. Chapter menu Resources Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Chapter 46 Section 3 The Respiratory System Hemoglobin and the Transport of Oxygen Click below to watch the Visual Concept. Visual Concept Chapter menu Resources Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Chapter 46 Section 3 The Respiratory System Blood and the Transport of Carbon Dioxide Click below to watch the Visual Concept. Visual Concept Chapter menu Resources Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Chapter 46 Section 3 The Respiratory System Mechanism of Breathing • Breathing is the process of moving air into and out of the lungs. • Inspiration is the process of taking air into the lungs. • When a deep breath is taken, the chest and ribs expand. Chapter menu Resources Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Chapter 46 Section 3 The Respiratory System Mechanism of Breathing, continued • Expiration is the process of releasing air from the lungs. When this happens, the diaphragm and rib muscles relax, which forces the lungs to deflate. Chapter menu Resources Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Chapter 46 Section 3 The Respiratory System Inhalation and Exhalation Chapter menu Resources Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.