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Animalia Chordata
By:
Josh, Jeremy
and Zach
Definition of Chordata
Chordates are animals which are either
vertebrates or closely related
invertebrates. They are connected by
having, a notochord, a hollow dorsal nerve
cord, pharyngeal slits and a post-anal tail
at least some point in their life cycle.
 These features may only be present in the
embryo.
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All Chordata Have..
pharyngeal slits - A series of openings that
connect the inside of the throat to the outside of
the "neck". These are often, but not always,
used as gills.
 dorsal nerve cord - A bundle of nerve fibers
which runs down the "back". It connects the
brain with the muscles and other organs.
 notochord - Cartilage rod, and it’s supporting
the nerve cord.
 post-anal tail - An extension of the body past
the anal opening.

Diagram
Subphyla
Chordates are broken up into three
subphyla,
 1. Vertebrata
 2. Urochordata
 3. Cephalochordata
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Examples
Example of a
Cephalochordate
Lancelet
Example of a
Urochordate
Tunicates
For today’s presentation we will only look at Vertebrates
Vertebrates
The five categories of Vertebrates are:
 1. Mammals – Example, Grizzly Bear.
 2. Amphibians – Example, Frogs.
 3. Reptiles – Example, Crocodile.
 4. Birds – Example, Bald Eagle.
 5. Fish – Example, Pink Salmon.
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Grizzly Bear
(Mammal)
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Grizzly bears are up to 7 feet long and weigh up to 1,
500 pounds.
Females are about 2/3 the size of males.
They have dense fur close to the skin.
They also have long, coarse guard hairs that become
silver tipped as the bears age.
They have a big head, a long muzzle, and a large hump
on their shoulder. The large hump is a mass of muscles
that give the front legs extra strength.
The grizzly bear is the second largest land carnivore in
North America.
The grizzly bear has been known to run at speeds of 55
kilometres per hour.
It has developed senses of smell and hearing that
compensates for its poor eyesight.
Diagram
Frog
(Amphibian)
The Anatomy of a Frog is similar to a humans since they
have the same kinds of organs and the same organ
systems.
 A frogs body can be divided into three parts, the head,
short neck and trunk.
 They have short rigid neck which gives it limited head
movement
 They have a coelom, which is a single body cavity where
all organs are located.
 Frogs have short front legs and long hind legs which is
idle for jumping.
 There are 5,250 described frog species in the world.

Diagram
Crocodile
(Reptile)
They can grow up to 15 feet long.
 They have a 66 teeth and their lower jaw is exposed.
 Their back has ridged and bony scales while their belly
has smooth scales.
 They cover their eyes with a special membrane that is
transparent and protects their eyes from damage while
swimming underwater.
 They have a long slender snout with tremendous biting
power.
 They can only maintain strenuous activity for short
periods of time

Diagram
Bald Eagle
(Bird)
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Bald eagles have a long, downward-curved
yellow bill, and large eyes.
The feet have knife-like talons.
Eagles have about 7,000 feathers
Adult eagles have a 7 foot wingspan and can
reach 3 feet in height, but they only weigh
between 9 to 14 pounds.
The females are 30% larger than the males.
Eagles have a super sense of vision, they can
see four to seven times farther than humans.
Diagram
Grizzly Bear
(Mammal)
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Grizzly bears walk with plantigrade
locomotion, meaning they walk with the
soles of their feet flat on the ground. Like
humans, bears first strike the ground with
their heels and then go off of the balls of
the feet and the toes.
Frogs
(Amphibians)
Frogs have salutatory locomotion. This
means that their primary method of
locomotion is hopping, jumping, or
leaping. The front legs of a frog are like
the arms of human since they are weak
for jumping. The frog has hind legs which
are especially designed for leaping.
 Tadpoles, which do not have arms or legs
use their tails to move.

Crocodile
(Reptile)
They can propel themselves through the
water with great force by using their tails
and also with their webbed feet.
 They can launch themselves out of the
water for over half their body length or
more.
 Most crocodiles can achieve speeds of
around 12 to 14 kph for short periods of
time.
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Bald Eagle
(Bird)
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A Bald Eagle moves with its wings in a fast
motion and can go as fast as 100
kilometres per hour when trying to catch
or fly away from an animal
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kjDrGV
khdUw
Grizzly Bear
(Mammal)
Obtaining Food
- They dig, kill or scavenge
for food.
- They will find food
sources in leftover
carcasses, dead animals
and waste where other
animals won't.
- When food is scarce in
the winter bears have
been known to eat their
own fecal waste as a food
source
Diet
- 90% of its diet is
vegetation
- They accumulate 200 kg
of fat in order to survive
the winter.
- They eat, insects, forbs,
roots, tubers, grasses,
berries, small rodents,
fish, carrion, garbage and
human food.
Frogs
(Amphibians)
Obtaining Food
- The frog has a long sticky
tongue fastened at the
front of its mouth that
flicks out to catch food.
- Frogs have tiny teeth on
the top and bottom of
their mouth designed to
hold prey.
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Diet
Crickets are the most
popular food.
Any insects,
grasshoppers, crickets
and roaches.
Larger frogs can eat Mice
or even smaller frogs.
Crocodile
(Reptile)
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Obtaining Food
Crocodiles sit
camouflaged and
motionless in the water
waiting for prey to come
to them.
Once the prey is a close a
crocodile will quickly snap
its jaws around the prey
and drag it under the
water to drown and eat
it.
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Diet
They are known to eat
anything that comes close
to the river bank.
Including, rabbits, dogs,
cats, deer, frogs, fish,
turtles, birds and other
small mammals.
Bald Eagle
(Bird)
Obtaining Food
- It will approach in a
shallow glide to snatch
the fish out of the water
with a quick swipe of its
talons.
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Diet
They feed on fish, ducks,
coots, muskrats, turtles,
rabbits, and snakes and
dead animals
occasionally.
90% of diet is fish.
They will eat whatever is
available and easiest to
get.
Grizzly Bear
(Mammal)
Digestion
- Grizzly bears have a
simple intestinal tract.
- The Long intestine is
very long for the
winter months of
hibernation.
- Do not digest
starches well.
Excretion
- They do not defecate
or urinate during
hibernation.
- They excrete waste
through digestive
track and through the
anus.
Frog
(Amphibian)
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Digestion
The small intestine is
where most digestion
occurs.
Frogs carry pancreatic
juice from the pancreas,
and bile through the
gallbladder from the liver
to the small intestine
where the fluids digest
the food and extract the
nutrients.
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Excretion
Nitrogen waste is
excreted as urine.
The urine is mainly a way
to get rid of excess water
in the Frog.
Adult frogs excrete
ammonia mainly through
the gills
Crocodile
(Reptile)
Digestion
- The crocodile’s digestive
system is the most acidic
of any animal’s and that’s
why it can digest bones,
shells and hooves.
- Crocodiles digest food
just like we do. The only
difference is that they
can't chew up their
food. They have a
special digestive tract to
process large pieces of
food. This helps them
when they swallow things
whole.
Excretion
- Crocodiles get rid of waste
in their body as ammonia.
They drink lots of water
which helps them weaken
the ammonia so they can
get it out of their body. If
they didn't drink lots of
water the ammonia would
harm their body. Their
kidneys help with this.
Bald Eagle
(Bird)
Digestion
- Eagles have a high
metabolism rate.
- Part of their stomach has
turned into a place which
food is ground into a fine
consistency to help rapid
digestion.
- This is also a place where
pellets of formed for
when the bird can’t digest
bones, fur, feathers and
other materials.
Excretion
- Eagles also excrete
nitrogen through their
urine.
- They excrete the pellets
of left over materials after
they have absorbed all
the nutrients they can,
Grizzly Bear
(Mammal)
Circulation
- The normal heart rate of
bears is 40 - 50 beats per
minute.
- All mammals have a closed
circulatory system
meaning the oxygen goes
in the nose into the lungs
from lungs moved around
body without any breaks
in the chain.
Respiration
- Bears have a set of lungs
that they use to breathe,
the oxygen is feed to the
blood stream through the
lungs
Frogs
(Amphibians)
Circulation
- Amphibians have a 3
chambered heart with
two atria and one
ventricle
- The advantage of the
system is that there is
high pressure in vessels
that lead to both the
lungs and body
Respiration
- Frogs skin has a large
network of blood vessels
running to it which help
with respiration.
- Oxygen can pass through
the skin, entering directly
into the blood. When a
frog submerges beneath
the water all its
respiration takes place
through the skin. Oxygen
is obtained directly from
the water.
Crocodile
(Reptile)
Circulation
- Crocodiles have a four
chambered heart; unlike
mammals, oxygenated and
deoxygenated blood can be
mixed.
- The right ventricle has two
arteries leaving it; a pulmonary
artery, which goes to the
lungs, and the left aortic arch,
which goes to the body.
Respiration
- They breath oxygen from the air
with their lungs. When they
are underwater they hold their
breath. They do not breath
water with gills like fish.
- They have special part of the
tongue called the palatal valve
that closes off their respiratory
system when they are
underwater. This lets them
open their mouths underwater
without choking
Bald Eagle
(Bird)
Circulation
- Have a 4 chambered heart with
complete separation of
oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. The right
ventricle pumps blood to the
lungs, while the left ventricle
pumps blood to the rest of the
body. Circulation also plays an
important role in maintaining a
bird's body temperature.
Respiration
- Eagles have an external naris on
both sides of their beak. A bald
eagle never reaches speeds
that would interfere with
normal breathing. An eagle's
lungs and air sac system are
adequate for its size. Air
moves in through the lungs
and on into the air sacs before
moving back through the lungs
and out again. Air passes
through the lungs twice with
each breathing cycle.
http://www1.teachertube.com/viewVideo.php?video_id=169622
Life Cycle
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Most animals including fish, mammals, reptiles
and birds have very simple life cycles:
1. They are born (either alive from their mother
or hatched from eggs)
2. They grow up
3. They mate and reproduce offspring.
These animals have three stages -- before birth,
young and adult. . The young slowly "grow" to
become adults.
Thank you for your time, we hope you enjoyed
our presentation!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Peace from Zach
http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjec
ts/mammals/bear/Grizzlycoloring.shtml
 http://www.etutor.com/et3/lessons/view/52133/print
 http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjec
ts/reptiles/crocodile/Amcrocprintout.shtml
 http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjec
ts/birds/info/Eagle.shtml
 http://www.whatdofrogseat.info/
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