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Systems
Endocrine system (glands)
Digestive system
Excretory system
Respiratory system
Integumentary system
Endocrine System (glands)
• Specialized organs that affect growth,
development, sexual activities and health of
the entire body
• Glands are specialized organs that remove
certain elements from the blood to convert
them into new compounds
Endocrine System (glands)
• Exocrine or duct glands
– Canals that lead from the gland to a particular body part
– Includes sweat and oil glands of the skin and intestinal
glands
• Endocrine or ductless glands
– Secrete hormones directly into bloodstream and
influence welfare of body
– Hormones such as insulin, adrenaline and estrogen
stimulate functional activity or secretion in other parts
of the body
Digestive System
• Also called gastrointestinal system
• Responsible for changing food into
nutrients and waste
• Complete digestive process takes about nine
hours
• Digestive Enzymes
– Chemicals that change food into a form capable
of being used by the body
Excretory System
• Includes kidneys, liver, skin, intestines and
lungs
• Responsible for purifying the body by
eliminating waste matter
• The metabolism of body cells forms various
toxic substances that, if retained, could
poison the body
Excretory System
• Kidneys
– Excrete urine
• Liver
– Discharges bile
• Skin
– Eliminates perspiration
Excretory System
• Large intestine
– Evacuates decomposed and undigested food
• Lungs
– Exhale carbon dioxide
– Body cell metabolism forms toxic substances
which might poison the body if not eliminated
Respiratory System
• Situated in chest cavity and protected by
ribs
• Enables breathing and consists of the lungs
and air passages
• Its protected on both sides by ribs
Respiratory System
• Diaphragm
– Muscular wall that separates chest (thorax)
from abdominal region
– Helps control breathing
• Lungs
– Spongy tissues composed of microscopic cells
that take in air that is exchanged for carbon
dioxide during one breathing cycle
Respiratory System
• Lungs
– Inhalation
• Oxygen is absorbed into the blood
• Oxygen is the most essential element for life
• Man can survive more than 60 days without food, a
few days without water, only a few minutes without
oxygen
– Exhalation
• Carbon dioxide is expelled
Integumentary System
• Made up of the skin and its various
accessory organs, such as the oil and sweat
glands, sensory receptors, hair and nails