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The Circulatory System •Carries needed substances to cells and waste products away. •Links all parts of the body (highway system) •Helps maintain balance (regulates body temperature and pH) •Contain cells that fight disease. HEART •Muscular pump (makes force to push blood) •Consists of an upper chamber (atria) and lower chamber (ventricle) •The atria collects blood and the ventricles pump the blood RA LA LV RV DOB OB VALVES Flap-like structures that prevent backflow of blood BLOOD VESSELS Serves as a pathway for blood flow to ARTERIES • Carries blood away from the heart • Oxygenated blood (OB) • Thick-walled vessels ADAM Animation: Coronary artery disease VEINS • Returns blood to the heart • Deoxygenated blood (DOB) • Thin-walled vessels with valves to prevent backflow of blood ADAM animation- Blood Flow CAPILLARIES CAPILLARIES • One-celled vessels • Site of material exchange • Contains tissue fluids • Connects to venules and arterioles ADAM animation- Nutrient exchange Blood Vessels Arteries Thick muscular wall Small lumen (hole) Oxygenated Blood Except pulmonary artery Capillaries Thin wall (1 cell thick) Veins Thin floppy wall Very Small lumen O2 CO2 Large lumen (hole) Deoxygenated Blood Except pulmonary vein Blood Vessels Arteries High Pressure Fast moving Capillaries Veins Low Pressure Very slow Low Pressure Slow moving Small lumen to maintain high pressure 1 cell thick lumen for exchange of gas Large lumen so less resistance to flow of blood No valves , blood is at high pressure No valves Valves to prevent back flow Pulse No pulse No pulse BLOOD River of life Consists of red cells, white cells and platelets floating in a liquid called plasma PLASMA Liquid part of the blood Consists of water and dissolved substances ions ,proteins,food substances Hormones,Excretory product, Urea FACTS 5–6 liters of blood in the body of an adult each cubic centimeter contains about 5 billion red blood cells RED BLOOD CELLS tiny,disc-like cells; no nuclei contains red pigment Hemoglobin (carries oxygen) Blood Component Structure Red Blood Cell (RBC) Function O2 transport from lungs to all cells Biconcave disc No nucleus Contains haemoglobin (red) WHITE BLOOD CELLS • larger cells with nucleus • 1 WBC per 600 RBC • act as soldiers of the body; to fight infections Blood Component Structure White Blood Cell (WBC) Lobed nucleus Function Fight infection Engulf bacteria (swallowing) Phagocytes Lymphocytes Large nucleus Antibodies (chemicals that destroy bacteria) PLATELETS •Promotes blood clotting •Prevent bleeding clotting Blood Component Structure Function Platelets Cell fragments (broken pieces of cells) Blood clotting Plasma 90% water 10% dissolved substances e.g. glucose, CO2 , enzymes, hormones, antibodies Transport Yellow / straw coloured Double Circulatory System CO2 O2 Lungs Pulmonary Artery Pulmonary Vein CO2 O2 Vena Cava (main vein) Aorta (main artery) Heart Arteries carry blood Away from the heart CO2 O2 Rest of body Veins carry blood towards the heart