Download Veretbrates

Reptiles
• Class Reptilia
• Snakes, lizards, turtles, tortoises,
crocodiles, alligators
• Amniotic egg…leathery shell
protects water environment
inside
• Dry, scaly skin prevents water
loss
Reptiles
• Circulation (2 closed systems …
pulmonary and systemic)
– Heart 3 chambers in snakes and
turtles (septum divides
ventricles and minimizes blood
mixing)
– Heart 4 chambers in crocodiles
Reptiles
• Respiration… lungs divided into
lobes…many small sacs
(alveoli) greater surface area for
respiration.
• Brain very well developed,
especially cerebrum (front area,
controls movement)
Reptiles
• Thermoregulation
– Ectothermic…absorb heat from
surrounding, so body temp. is
close to surroundings (used to
be called cold blooded)
• Amphibians and fish are ectotherms,
too.
Reptiles
• Reproduction:
– Most oviparous…lay eggs that
develop on their own
– Some ovoviviparous…keep egg in
body to develop and lay close
to time of birth
– Few viviparous…live birth
Reptiles
• Class: Chelonia:
– Turtles and tortoises
• Class Squamata:
– Lizards and snakes
• Class Rynchocephalia:
– Tuatara
• Class Crocodilia
– Crocodiles, alligators, caimans
Class: Chelonia:
Turtles and tortoises
Class Squamata:
Lizards and snakes
Class Rynchocephalia:
Tuatara
Class Crocodilia
Crocodiles, alligators,
caimans
Birds
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Class Aves
Evolved about 150 million years ago
Forelimbs modified to wings
Lightweight skeleton (hollow/fused
bones)
• Closed circulatory system with 4
chambered heart…no mixing of
oxygenated/deoxygenated blood…higher
metabolism/movement
• Large, well developed brain
Birds
• Endothermic (temp 104 – 106 oF)
• Lungs and air sacs
• Oviparous (lay eggs)
• Feathers (and skin) cover body
– Flight, down, contour feathers
• Digestive organs include: crop, 2
stomachs (#2…gizzard has
stones in it)
Order Anseriformes
Swans, ducks, geese
Order Sterigiformes
owls
Order Apodiformes
hummingbirds
Order Psittaciformes
Parrots, parakeets, macaws,
cockatiels, cockatoos
Order Piciformes
Woodpeckers, toucans
Order Passeriformes
Most familiar….robins,
wrens, cardinals
Order Columbiformes
Pigeons, doves
Order Ciconiiformes
Herons, storks, ibises,
egrets, penguins
Order Galliformes
Turkeys, pheasants, chickens
Order Struthioniformes
Ostrich, emu, rhea
Mammals
• Class Mammalia
• Evolved 300 million years ago
• Hair (and skin) body covering
• Endothermic
• 4 chambered heart (closed
circulatory system)
• Females produce milk for young
Mammals
• Specialized teeth for different jobs
• Lungs with alveoli (small sacs like
reptiles)
• Diaphragm (muscle below ribcage)
helps breathe
• Brain about 15 times heavier
than same sized fish,
amphibian or reptile!
Mammals
• 3 groups of mammals
– Monotremes: Oviparous (lay eggs),
e.g. duck-billed platypus
– Marsupials: viviparous (young born
immature, develop inside
mother for some time), e.g.
opposum, kangaroo
– Placental: viviparous (young fed in
uterus by placenta), most
mammals you think of
Order Xenarthra
• Anteaters,
armadillos, sloths
• 30 spp
Order Lagomorpha
• Rabbits, hares,
pika
• 70 spp
Order Rodentia
• Mice, squirrels,
chipmunks, rats
• Largest Order,
over 1800 spp
Order Primata
• Monkeys,
gibbons, apes,
humans
• 235 spp
Order Chiroptera
• Bats
• 900 spp
Order Insectivora
• Shrew,
hedgehogs, moles
• 390 spp
Order Carnivora
• Dogs, cats, bears,
sea lions, otters,
seals, hyenas
• 274 spp
Order Artiodactyla
• Deer, cattle, giraffe,
pig, camel
• Even # toes on hoof
• 210 spp
Order Perissodactyla
• odd # toes on hoof
• Horse, rhino, zebra
• 17 spp
Order Cetacea
• Whale, dolphin,
porpoise
• 90 spp
Order Sirenia
• Manatee,
duogong
• 4 spp
Order Proboscidea
• African and Asian
elephants
• 2 spp
Order Montremata
• Lay eggs
• Platypus,
echidna
• 3 spp
Order Marsupiala
• Have pouches
• 280 spp
• Opposum,
kangaroo, koala
bear