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Animal Kingdom Vertebrates
Mr. Cobb
Biology
1
Zoology:
study of animals
The Kingdom Animalia
No cell wall
Heterotrophic
Motile
Sexual reproduction
Tissue / organs
Multicellular
Distinct body plan
Kingdom Animalia
The animal kingdom is in the domain
eukarya.
This kingdom consists of different
phyla, including:
Mollusca
Nematoda
Annelida
Arthropoda
Chordata
Kingdom Animalia
Organisms in the animal kingdom
are sometimes divided into two
groups:
Vertebrates – organisms that have a
notochord (develops into a
backbone)
Invertebrates – organisms that do
NOT have a notochord.
Vertebrates
All vertebrates belong to the
phylum chordata.
They have a dorsal nerve cord that
develops into a spinal cord.
All vertebrates have an internal
skeleton known as an
endoskeleton.
Vertebrates
There are several classes included
in the chordata phylum:
Fish
Amphibia
Reptilia
Aves
Mammalia
Fish
There are 3 different classes of fish:
Jawless fish (class Agnatha) – these fish
have no jaws, they attach themselves to
the side of a fish and suck its blood.
Cartilaginous fish (class chondrichthyes)
have no bones, only cartilage.
Bony fish (class Osteichthyes) – these
fish have bones and cartilage.
Jawless Fish
Cartilaginous Fish
Bony Fish
Fish
Fish use gills to breathe. Gills are full
of blood vessels and allow for gas
exchange through diffusion.
Fish’s scales are used to cover and
protect their body.
Fish have hearts with two chambers.
The heart pumps deoxygenated blood
to the gills, then throughout the body.
Fish – Gas Exchange
Fish
Fish get their body temperature
from their environment
(ectotherms)
Most fish release eggs and sperm
into the water, but some (like
sharks) undergo internal
fertilization and give birth to live
offspring.
Internal Structure of Fish
Amphibians
Includes frogs, toads, salamanders,
and newts.
Ecotherms
External fertilization
Offspring develop in water and
undergo metamorphosis
Moist skin without scales
Amphibians
Young offspring have gills and 2
chambered hearts. As they grow,
they develop lungs and 3
chambered hearts.
Some salamanders don’t have gills
or lungs, but instead exchange
carbon and oxygen through their
moist skin.
Amphibians
Amphibians have tympanic
membranes behind their eyes
that pick up sound and transmit
it to their ears.
Amphibians tend to have good
vision and good hearing.
Amphibians
Some amphibians produce skin
toxins as a defense mechanism
Amphibians are good indicator
species – they are very sensitive
to changes in their environment
(pollution).
Amphibians
Internal Structure of Frog
Reptiles
Includes turtles, crocodiles,
alligators, snakes, and lizards
Reptiles have thick, dry skin
with scales
Ectothermic
They have 3 chambered hearts
Reptiles
Reptiles undergo internal
fertilization and most lay eggs.
Reptiles can live out of water
(snakes, lizards), in water (some
turtles), or both (alligators,
crocodiles, turtles).
Reptiles
Some reptiles are capable of
producing toxins (snakes).
Most of the molecules in toxins are
proteins and enzymes.
Causes drop in blood pressure,
internal bleeding, muscles stop
working (can’t breathe, heart stops)
Reptiles
Aves (Birds)
Maintain a constant body
temperature (Endothermic)
Have 2 legs, covered with
scales, that are used for walking
Forelimbs modified (evolution
term) into wings
Aves
Birds have different types of
feathers:
Down feathers – trap air close to
the body to keep the bird warm
Contour feathers – make body
streamlined, provide lift and
balance for flying.
Aves
Most features are adapted for
flight
Hollow bones (lighter)
Efficient respiratory, digestive,
and circulatory systems (steady
supply of oxygen and food)
Strong chest muscles
Aves
Mammals
Have hair
Nourish their young with milk
Breathe air
Have 4 chamber hearts
Endothermic
Types of Mammals
There are 3 types of mammals:
Monotremes
Marsupials
Placental Mammals
Monotremes
Monotremes lay eggs
Eggs are similar to reptile eggs
There are only 5 species of
monotremes
Ex: Duckbill platypus,echidnas
Platypus pics
Monotremes
Marsupials
Marsupials give birth to very tiny
offspring.
Once born, offspring climb into its
mother’s pouch and nurse almost
continually until they’re big
enough to leave the pouch
Ex: Koalas, Kangaroos
Marsupials
Baby Possum Video
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
GKImqLtkeZA
Placental Mammals
Offspring develop inside a placenta
until they are born.
Nutrients, oxygen, and wastes are
exchanged between mother and
offspring through the placenta
Ex: humans, horses, cats, etc.
Placental Mammals