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Tobacco
A High-Risk Behavior
• 1 in 5 teens smokes
• 1 million teens start every
year
st
• Everyday 6,000 light their 1
• 3,000 become regular
smokers
• 9 in 10 adults smokers began
as teens – unable to stop
• 1/3 will die from smokerelated causes
• 2.6 million packs sold
illegally to minors everyday
Addiction
• Physiological or
psychological dependence
on a substance or activity
– that is difficult to shake
Nicotine
• Addictive drug in
cigarettes
• Raises blood pressure
• Increases heart rate
Stimulate
• Drug that increases the
action of the central
nervous system, the heart,
and other organs
Tar
• Thick, sticky, dark fluid
produced when tobacco
burns.
• 1 pack a day for one year = 1
quart of tar
• Destroys cilia – hair-like
projections that keep
respiratory tract clear
Carcinogens
• Cancer-causing
substances
• 43 in tobacco
Carbon monoxide
• Colorless, odorless, poisonous
gas in cigarette smoke that passes
through the lungs into the blood.
• Blood likes better that oxygen
Chemicals in tobacco
• Cyanide – rat poison
• Formaldehyde – preserves dead
things
• Arsenic – poison
• Nicotine – poison used in
insecticide
• Chemicals that make paint,
toilet cleaner, & car antifreeze
Smokeless tobacco
• Tobacco that is sniffed through
the nose or chewed
• 10 x’s the carcinogens into the
bloodstream than cigarettes
• Cancer of lip, mouth or throat;
teeth and gum damage; damage
to digestive system
Pipes and Cigars
• Inhale less smoke
• Develop cancers of lip,
mouth and throat
Specialty Cigarettes
• Have other ingredients added
• Strong tobacco and spices
• Contain more cancer-causing
tars
• Clove cigarettes – 2 x’s the tar
and nicotine – linked to lung
problems and deaths
Facts and Dates
• 17,000 kids under five are
hospitalized each year due to
their parent’s smoking
• 1 Jan. 1971 Ban TV and
radio ads for smoking
• 1970 – warning labels on
cigarettes
• 1972 – warnings on
advertisements
• 1989 - bans smoking on
domestic flights
Diseases of Respiratory
System
Chronic bronchitis
• Bronchi are irritated – cilia
become useless – tar builds
up – chronic coughing and
excessive mucus secretion
Emphysema
• Destruction of tiny air sacs –
more breaths are required –
instead of using 5 % of
energy to breathe one uses
80%
Lung Cancer
• Cilia are destroyed – extra
mucus cannot be expelled –
develops a cough –
Cancerous cell grow, block
bronchi, cancer can travel to
other areas of the body
Dangers of smokeless
Tobacco
leukoplakia
• Thickened, white, leatheryappearing spots on the inside
of a smokeless tobacco user’s
mouth that can develop into
cancer of the mouth.
• Oral cancer strikes about
30,000 U.S. a year
• Only 50% survive longer that
5 years
• Nicotine in smokeless
tobacco is as addictive
• Users secrete more saliva
• Unconsciously swallowed –
tar and harmful chemicals
into digestive and urinary
systems
• Tobacco juices delay healing
of wounds
• Smokeless tobacco users also
tend to show greater tooth
wear that nonusers - Gums
are pushed away from teeth Roots are exposed
• Decrease that ability to smell
and taste – salty and sweet
Passive smoke
• Cigarette, cigar, or pipe
smoke inhaled by
nonsmokers as well as smoke
that remains in a closed
environment after the smoker
is through smoking
• Causes eye irritation,
headaches, & coughing.
• More ear infections, asthma
attacks & other respiratory
problems
• Aggravates existing heart
and lung diseases
• 3,000 people die
annually from lung
cancer because of
exposure to others’
smoke
Main-stream smoke
• Smoke that a smoker
blows off
Sidestream smoke
• Smoke that comes
from burning tobacco
Smoking during
Pregnancy
• At least 6,200 children die
each year because their
parents smoke.
• 2,800 die because of low
birth weight
• 1,100 die from respiratory
infections
• Nicotine passes through the
placenta, constricting the
blood vessels
• CO reduces the oxygen
level’s in the blood
• Small fetal growth
• Growth and developmental
problems
• Nicotine can pass through
breast milk
• Asthma among infants and
young children
Rights of nonsmoker
• Express your preference
• Choosing nonsmoking places
• Responsibility for their own
health
Strategies for quitting
Nicotine withdrawal
• Process that occurs
when nicotine, an
addictive drug, is no
longer used
Withdrawal symptoms
• Irritability
• Depression
• Restlessness
• Poor
concentration
• Increased
appetite
• Light headedness
• Night-time
awakenings
• craving
Benefits
• 20 min. – blood pressure and
heart rate – normal
• 8 hours – Nicotine and CO
reduce by half
• 24 hours – CO eliminated from
body
• 48 hours – no nicotine left in
body – taste and smell improve
• 72 hours – breathing becomes
easier – energy levels increase
• 2-12 weeks – circulation
improves
• 3-9 months – breathing
problems improve
• 1 year – hearth attack ½ that of
a smoker
• 10 years – lung cancer ½ that of
a smoker
• 15 years – heart attack falls to
the same as someone who has
never smoked
Nicotine substitutes
• Nicotine gum
• Nicotine patch
• Nicotine nasal spray
• Nicotine inhalers