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Body Systems
How is your body like a
machine?
Let’s think back….
• Why do all
the body
systems
work
together?
To maintain
homeostasis!
SKELETAL SYSTEM
•What are the functions?
-produces red and white blood cells
-movement
-structural support
-provide minerals
•What other systems are involved?
-muscular
-immune
MUSCULAR SYSTEM
•What are the functions?
-movement (body parts,
digestion, circulation)
• What other systems
does it involve?
-Skeletal
-Nervous
-Digestive
-Circulatory
Muscle Types
SKELETAL
SMOOTH
CARDIAC
How do you bend your elbow?
To what are muscles
attached?
• The bicep muscle
contracts, causing the
elbow to bend.
• The tricep muscle
contracts, causing the
elbow to straighten.
This works similar to what
simple machine?
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
• What are the
functions?
•protect body
from disease
•contains white
blood cells,
antibodies and
lymph
INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
Function
System
Protection/Barrier
Immune
Protect Against
Dehydration
Cutaneous Sensation
Excretory
Regulate Body Temp
Excretory
Excrete Sweat, Gases
Excretory
Nervous
Integumentary
• How does skin vary in
different organisms?
NERVOUS SYSTEM
• What are the functions?
•Respond to internal
and external stimuli
• How does the nervous
system work?
• What other systems are
involved?
• all
The Brain
Cerebrum
Hypothalamus
Cerebellum
Medulla oblongata
Brain Stem
EXCRETORY
• What are the functions?
• Detoxifies blood
– Urea, water, salts,
excess glucose,
excess protein, CO2
• What other systems are
involved?
• Circulatory
• Endocrine
• Nervous
Blood
Excretory
Kidney
Ureter
Urine
Bladder
Urethra
REPRODUCTIVE
• What are the functions?
•produce gametes
•produce hormones
•secondary sex
characteristics
• What other systems
are involved?
• Endocrine
Reproductive
Ovary
Fallopian Tube
Uterus
Vagina
Testes
Penis
ENDOCRINE
•What are the functions?
-produce hormones
-deliver chemical
messages through the
body
•What other systems are
involved?
• nervous
• circulatory
Endocrine
Hypothalamus
Pituitary
Thyroid
Adrenal
Pancreas
Ovary
Testes
CIRCULATORY
• What are the functions?
- transport:
-gases
-fluids
-waste products
-nutrients
-hormones
• What other systems
are involved?
•Excretory
•Respiratory
•Endocrine
Circulatory
Capillary
Aorta (Artery)
Heart
Vein
RESPIRATORY
• What are the functions?
-exchange of carbon
dioxide and oxygen
between the blood,
air and tissues
• What other systems
are involved?
• Circulatory
Respiratory
• Where does gas
exchange take place?
Alveoli
Trachea
Lungs
Bronchi/
Bronchioles
Diaphragm
DIGESTIVE
•What are the functions?
•to break down food into
smaller particles with the
help of enzymes so it can
be absorbed and used by
cells.
•What other systems
are involved?
•Circulatory
•Nervous
Salivary Glands
Mouth
Esophagus
Digestive
Stomach
Liver
Pancreas
Small Intestine
Large Intestine
Rectum
Digestive
• What substances help break
down the food that you eat?
Compound
Starch
Enzyme
Amylase
ENZYMES
Monomer
Monosaccharide
Lipids
Bile/Lipase
Fatty Acids/
Glycerol
Proteins
Protease
Amino Acids
Digestive
•Follow the path
of food during
digestion.
•Where is food
mechanically digested?
Chemically digested?
• What do we call the
maintenance of an internal
environment?
Homeostasis
4 Major Themes
in Maintaining Balance
• These 4 major themes are
interrelated to help your body
maintain homeostasis:
–Feedback loops
–Structure and function
–Division of labor
–Interdependence of organ
systems
Feedback Loops
Room
temperature
falls
Thermostat shuts
off heater
Thermostat
feedback loop
Thermostat
activates
heater
Warm air is
produced
Room
temperature
rises
Feedback Loops
• What happens to your
body when you run
outside in 100o
temperature?
Feedback Loops

•
This
a stimulus-response
Howisdoes
this
happen?
Sensors
in the brain and skin detect
a change in body temperature
stimulus
Hormone
message sent
Blood vessels
in skin
dilate
response
Body temperature
regulates
Sweat glands
release more
sweat
Feedback Loops
So….What are some of the things
that feedback regulates?
• Feedback systems regulate:
– Blood sugar (glucose)
– Salt content in blood
– Hormone production
– Blood pressure
– Ion content in blood
– Water content in blood
Structure and Function
• How is the
structure of
your thumb
related to its
function?
Structure and Function
• TRY THIS!
• Put a rubber band around
your hand so that the thumb
cannot be used. Pick up your
textbook and hand it to the
student next to you.
• Now - pick up a penny
without going to the edge of
the desk or putting the penny
up against something.
Structure and Function
• What is the function
of plant leaves?
Maple leaf
Conifer
Cactus
• Why are these
leaves shaped
differently?
Structure and Function
Fish – Queen snapper
• The dolphin and the
fish are unrelated
organisms.
• Why do they have
similar structures?
Mammal - dolphin
Division of Labor
• How many
people does it
take to build a
building?
Division of Labor
• You would need:
–Architect
–Construction workers
–Foreman
–Plumbers
–Electricians
–Painters
• Why do you need all of
these people?
Division of Labor
• Why do you
need so many
different parts to
digest your
food?
Division of Labor
• Your body systems are
divided into different parts.
• Each part has its own special
function.
• This is called a Division of
Labor.
Interdependence
of Body Systems
• All the body systems work
together to maintain
homeostasis.