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Excretory System By: Nick Eaton 5-3-11 Block F Parts of the Excretory System • The parts of the excretory system are: The Kidneys, Liver, The Ureters, Urinary Bladder, Urethra, Nephrons, Anus, Lungs, Skin, and Sweat Glands. Excretion • Excretion is the process by which wastes are removed from the body. • Excretion is an essential part of all living beings. • Waste is excreted out of four places on the human body; Urethra, Anus, Sweat Glands on Skin, and from the lungs out through the mouth. Ways of Excretion Ways of Excretion Parts involved in the Excretion What is Excreted Exhaling Lungs Carbon Dioxide and some water Excretion of Solid Waste Anus Feces which is made up of water and digested food. Urinating Urinary bladder, kidneys, and urethra 95% water and 5% urea Perspiration Skin and sweat glands Water and some chemical wastes Kidneys • The kidneys eliminate urea. • The kidneys eliminate excess water. • The kidneys eliminate other waste material. Liver • Breaks down waste materials before they are excreted from the body. • Converts old hemoglobin into bile. • You cannot survive without your liver. Ureters • Carries urine from a kidney to the urinary bladder. • Each ureter is about 25-30 cm long. • Each ureter emerges from a kidney and flow into the urinary bladder. Urinary Bladder • It holds urine until it is excreted. • It is a sac-like organ which is hollow. • Urine flows into it from the ureters. Urethra • A small tube that that carries urine out of the body. • It connects the urinary bladder to a man or woman’s genitals. • The urethral sphincter is a muscle that allows voluntary control over urination. Nephrons • Millions of tiny filters inside the kidney that removes waste from blood. • They also reabsorb what is needed back into the body. • A normal kidney holds 800,000 to 1,500,000 nephrons. Anus • Solid waste is excreted through the anus. • It is the external opening to the rectum. • It is at the end of the digestive track. Lungs • Your lungs let you exhale (excrete) CO2. • They also inhale oxygen which fuels your blood cells. • You breath air in through your nose or mouth. Skin • Skin has sweat glands which excrete sweat. • The skin also protects your immune system from bacteria. • It is the largest organ of the human body. Sweat Glands • They excrete sweat from your skin. • Excreting sweat makes your body cooler. • They are located on the epidermis (outer layer of the skin). Functions of The Excretory System 1. To remove waste from the body. 2. To maintain homeostasis. 3. To collect the waste material in the body. How to Keep the Excretory System Healthy 1. Don’t smoke. 2. Always go to the bathroom when you have to go because your bladder could explode or you could get constipated. 3. Drink plenty of water so your kidneys stay clean. 4. Eat a healthy diet. Why You Should Keep It Healthy 1. If you don’t keep it healthy you will have trouble eliminating wastes from your body. 2. If you don’t keep it healthy you can form diseases. 3. Excretion gets all the bad stuff out of your body and you will have that stuff in your body if you don’t keep it healthy. Diseases • A Urinary Tract Infection occurs when bacteria builds up in the urethra. • Kidney Stones are formed in the kidney and after it is formed they can be found throughout the urinary system. • Kidney Failure occurs when the kidney stops filtering blood. What Happens When You Get Sick 1. If your body got sick it could be harder to excrete waste. Also the waste may be different when you are sick. You could excrete vomit through your mouth when you are sick. Thanks For Watching!!!