Download UNIT 10- The Human Body

The Human Body
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The Nervous System
A.
Organization of the body.
1. The levels of organization in a multicellular
organism includes: cells, tissues, organs and
organ systems.
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2.
Nervous system- Brain and nerves.
3.
Integumentary system- Skin
4.
Respiratory system- Lungs
5. Digestive system- Stomach
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6.
Excretory system- Urinary, kidneys.
7.
Skeletal system- Bones
8.
Muscular system- Muscles
9. Endocrine system- Hormones
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10.
Reproductive- Testes and ovaries.
11. Lymphatic- Immune system
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B.
The Nervous System
1. The nervous system controls and coordinates
functions throughout the body and responds to
internal and external stimuli.
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2. Neurons are the cells that
transmit these impulses.
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C.
Divisions of the Nervous System
1. The central nervous system (CNS) makes up
the brain and the spinal cord.
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2.
The Cerebrum is the sight of intelligence.
3.
The Cerebellum controls balance/coordination.
4. Brain stem- Connects the brain and the spinal
cord.
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C.
The Senses
1. Vision
2. Rods see black and
white.
3. Cones see color.
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D. Hearing and balance
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E. Smell and taste
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F.
Drugs and the Nervous System
1. Stimulants- Increase heart rate, blood
pressure, and breathing rate.
2. Depressants- Slow down heart rate, breathing
rate, lower blood pressure, relax muscles and
relieve tension.
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3.
Cocaine- Causes the sudden release in the brain
of a neurotransmitter called dopamine. This
fools the brain into feeling intense feeling of
pleasure and satisfaction.
4. Opiates- Mimic natural chemicals in the brain
known as endorphins which usually help to
overcome sensations of pain.
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5.
Marijuana- More destructive to the lungs than
smoking tobacco.
6. Alcohol- Is a depressant that slows down the rate
at which the cns functions.
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G.
Drug abuse
1. Drug abuse can be defined as the intentional
misuse of any drug for nonmedical purposes.
2. Drug addiction- An uncontrollable
dependence on a drug.
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II. Skeletal, Muscular and
Integumentary Systems
A.
The skeleton System
1. The skeleton system supports the body,
protects internal organs, provides for movement,
stores mineral reserves, and provides a site for
blood cell formation.
2. There are 206 bones in an adult human.
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B.
The integumentary system is your skin.
1. It serves as a barrier against infection and
injury, helps to regulate body temperature,
removes waste products from the body, and
provides protection against UV radiation from
the sun.
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III. Circulatory and Respiratory
System
A.
Functions of the Circulatory System
1. The human circulatory system consists of the
heart, a series of blood vessels, and the blood that
flows through them.
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2.
Blood with oxygen goes to the left side of the
heart.
3.
Blood with NO oxygen goes to the right side of
the heart.
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B.
Blood vessels
1. Arteries carry blood away from the heart.
2. Veins carry blood to the heart.
3. Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels.
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C.
Blood composition
1. Red blood cells carry oxygen.
2. White blood cells fight infection.
3. Platelets clot or make scabs.
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D.
Respiration
1. Bring about the exchange of oxygen and
carbon dioxide between blood, the air and
tissues.
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IV. Digestive and Excretory Systems
A.
Food and Energy
1. Carbohydrates give stored energy.
2. Proteins give fast energy.
3. Fats are lipids and are important in a diet.
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B.
The process of digestion
1. Digestion starts at the mouth with teeth and
salvia.
2. Then to the esophagus and then to the
stomach for digestion.
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3.
The pancreas is underneath the stomach and
helps to release enzymes to help in digestion.
4.
The small and large intestines absorb nutrients
and vitamins.
5.
The liver cleans the blood and also makes bile.
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6.
Bile is stored in the gall bladder.
7. Bile breaks down fat.
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B.
The Excretory system
1. The kidneys play an important in eliminating
liquid waste.
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V. Endocrine and Reproductive
Systems
A.
Endocrine systems are responsible for hormones.
1. Hormones are responsible for almost
everything in your body!
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B. Male reproductive system
1. The main function of the male reproductive
system is to produce sperm and to deliver
sperm.
2. The primary male reproductive organs, the
testes develop within the abdominal cavity.
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3. Just before birth the testes will descend
(come down) into the scrotum.
4. The testes need to be outside of the body
because sperm require temperatures 1-3
degrees COOLER than body temperature.
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5. Within the testis are the seminiferous
tubules.
6. They are coiled together and this is where
sperm are produced.
7. Sperm produced in the seminiferous
tubules are moved into the epididymis.
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8. This is a structure in which sperm fully
mature and are stored.
9. From the epididymis some sperm are
moved into a tube called the vas deferens.
10. The vas deferens extends upward from
the scrotum into the abdominal cavity.
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11. Eventually the vas deferens merge with the
urethra, the tube that leads out of the body through
the penis.
12. Glands lining the reproductive tract include the
seminal vesicle, the prostate, and the bulbourethral
gland produce seminal fluid-semen.
13. The semen nourishes the sperm and protects
them from the acidity of the female body.
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14. Sperm have three main body parts, the head,
mid piece and the tail (flagella)
15. The head contains the 23 haploid chromosomes.
16. The mid piece is filled with mitochondria.
17. The flagellum is used for movement.
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C.
The Female Reproductive system
1.The main function of the female
reproduction system is to produce ova.
2. The female reproductive system prepares
the female’s body to nourish a developing
embryo.
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3. The egg moves down to the uterus.
4. If fertilization occurs it will implant in the
uterus.
5. If fertilization does not occur it will be
expelled out the women’s body.
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D. The menstrual cycle
1. During the menstrual cycle, an egg is
released from the ovary.
2. The menstrual cycle has four phases:
follicular phase, ovulation, luteal phase and
menstruation.
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E. Sexually transmitted Diseases
1. STD’s are spread by sexual contact
2. Pathogens present in body fluids, such as
semen can be passed from one person to another
through sexual contact.
3. Diseases spread by sexual contact are called
STD’s but viruses and bacteria can cause STD’s.47
F. Bacterial STD’s
1. STD’s caused by bacteria are called bacterial
STD’s.
2. Most bacterial STD’s can be treated and
cured by antibiotics.
3. Early detection and treatment are necessary to
prevent serious medical problems.
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4. Examples: Gonorrhea, Chlamydia , syphilis,
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
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Gonorrhea
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Chlamydia
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Syphilis
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Syphilis
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Syphilis Infant
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Chancroid
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Trichomoniasis
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PID
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G.
Viral STD’s.
1. STD’s caused by viruses cannot be treated
and cured using antibiotics.
2. HIV, AIDS, Genital Warts, Herpes,
Hepatitis B.
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Genetial Warts
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Herpes
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Herpes
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AIDS
H. AIDS-Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome.
1. In the United states about 680,000 people have
AIDS.
2. AIDS is caused by HIV-Human
Immunodeficiency Virus.
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3.
HIV/AIDS attacks the immune system (T Cells).
4.
If there is no cells to fight infection the human
body has no protection from any virus or
bacteria.
5. A simple cold could kill a person with AIDS.
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5. The difference between HIV and AIDS is how
many cells are infected with the virus.
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WHAT DO YOU KNOW ABOUT
HIV/AIDS????
http://www.worldvision.org/resources.nsf/main/Aids
Test.html/$FILE/AidsTest.html
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THE END
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