Download Respiratory Syste

Human Physiology in the
Development of Performance
Today’s Objectives
• Correctly identify the performance criteria for LO2
• Correctly identify the function of the respiratory
system
• Correctly describe the pathway of air
• Correctly describe the process of pulmonary diffusion
• Correctly describe the stages that occur in breathing in
and breathing out
• Correctly describe the adaptations that take place in
the respiratory system with sport and exercise
Human Physiology in the Development
of Performance D681 12
Learning Outcome 2
a)
The structure of the main components of
the cardio-respiratory system is correctly
described
b) The function of the main components of
the cardio-respiratory system are
accurately described
Human Physiology in the Development
of Performance D681 12
• We are going to
separate the Cardio
Respiratory system
into 2 parts
• In general terms:
– Cardio: Heart
– Respiratory:
Lungs
Human Physiology in the Development
of Performance D681 12
Respiratory System
• Question
• What is the main function of the
respiratory system?
• Answer
To breathe in oxygen and breathe out
carbon dioxide
Anatomy of the Respiratory System
Structure
Description
Nasal Passage
Nose
Oral Cavity
Mouth
Pharynx
Larynx
Funnel shaped tube
allowing air to go into the
windpipe
Voice Box
Trachea
Windpipe
Bronchi
Sub-divisions of windpipe
Anatomy of the Respiratory System
Structure
Description
Lungs
Cone shaped organs of the
respiratory system
Muscular organ of the
cardiovascular system
Flat bones that protect the
heart and lungs
Muscle that pull on the rib
cage causing it to move
Connective tissue that joins
the ribs onto the sternum
Heart
Ribs
Intercostal
muscles
Cartilage
Anatomy of the Respiratory System
Structure
Description
Bronchioles
Small tube like
subdivisions of the
bronchi
Muscle at the bottom of
the rib cage which
assists during breathing
Bunch of grape like
structures where
pulmonary diffusion
takes place
Diaphragm
Alveoli
The Respiratory System
Intercostal
muscles
Bronchioles
Cartilage
Diaphragm
Alveoli
Pathway of Air Task
• In your pairs look at the diagram of the
respiratory system
• Taking into account gravity
• Make a list of the respiratory structures in
the order that you think the air passes
through them
Pathway of Air
Oral Cavity/Nasal Passages
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchus
Bronchioles
Alveoli – where pulmonary diffusion occurs
What is Pulmonary Diffusion?
• Pulmonary Diffusion is the name for the
process of gas exchange which occurs in
the lungs
It has 2 main functions:
1. To replenish the blood with oxygen where
it can be transported around the body
2. To remove carbon dioxide from the blood
so we can breathe it out
Pulmonary Diffusion
• During pulmonary diffusion the gases (O2
and CO2) always travel from an area of
high concentration to an area of low
concentration
• Until there is an equal balance of both
gases in the blood
Human Physiology in the Development
of Performance D681 12
Breathing in and Breathing Out
Q) How many breaths does the average
person take at rest per minute?
A)
Q) How many breaths do you take at rest in
the average minute?
A)
Breathing in and Breathing Out
A
The intercostal muscles and the diaphragm relax
B
The diaphragm contracts and flattens
C
The volume of the lungs decreases
D
The internal pressure of the lungs increases above
that of the external air pressure
E
The intercostal muscles contract pulling the ribs up
and out
The greater air pressure outside forces air into
the lungs
F
G
This increases the volume of the lungs and
decreases the air pressure inside them
H
Air is forced out of the lungs
Breathing In and Out
• Firstly decide which statements are
involved with breathing in and which are
involved with breathing out
• Then establish a logical order of events for
each phase of breathing
• Hint - gas always moves from areas of high
pressure to areas of low pressure
Breathing In and Out
A
The intercostals muscles and the diaphragm
relax
B
The diaphragm contracts and flattens
C
The volume of the lungs decreases
D
The internal pressure of the lungs increases
above that of the external air pressure
E
The intercostals muscles contract pulling
the ribs up and out
F
The greater air pressure outside forces air
into the lungs
G
This increases the volume of the lungs and
decreases the air pressure inside them
H
Air is forced out of the lungs
Breathing In and Out
Out
A
The intercostals muscles and the diaphragm
relax
B
The diaphragm contracts and flattens
C
The volume of the lungs decreases
Out
D
The internal pressure of the lungs increases
above that of the external air pressure
Out
E
The intercostals muscles contract pulling
the ribs up and out
In
F
The greater air pressure outside forces air
into the lungs
In
G
This increases the volume of the lungs and
decreases the air pressure inside them
H
Air is forced out of the lungs
In
In
Out
Breathing In and Out
A
The intercostals muscles and the diaphragm
relax
B
The diaphragm contracts and flattens
C
The volume of the lungs decreases
D
The internal pressure of the lungs increases
above that of the external air pressure
E
The intercostals muscles contract pulling
the ribs up and out
F
The greater air pressure outside forces air
into the lungs
G
This increases the volume of the lungs and
decreases the air pressure inside them
H
Air is forced out of the lungs
Breathing In and Out
A
The intercostals muscles and the diaphragm
relax
B
The diaphragm contracts and flattens
C
The volume of the lungs decreases
Out 2
D
The internal pressure of the lungs increases
above that of the external air pressure
Out 3
E
The intercostals muscles contract pulling the
ribs up and out
In 2
F
The greater air pressure outside forces air into
the lungs
In 4
G
This increases the volume of the lungs and
decreases the air pressure inside them
In 3
H
Air is forced out of the lungs
Out 1
In 1
Out 4
Human Physiology in the Development
of Performance D681 12
Breathing In
B
The diaphragm contracts and flattens
E
The intercostals muscles contract
pulling the ribs up and out
This increases the volume of the lungs
and decreases the air pressure inside
them
The greater air pressure outside
forces air into the lungs
G
F
Human Physiology in the Development
of Performance D681 12
Breathing Out
A
The intercostals muscles and the
diaphragm relax
C
The volume of the lungs decreases
D
The internal pressure of the lungs
increases above that of the external
air pressure
Air is forced out of the lungs
H
Adaptations to the Respiratory
with Exercise
• Increased ability to take in more air due to
increases in strength or endurance of
intercostals muscles
• Increased efficiency of oxygen uptake by
blood (pulmonary diffusion)
• Increased alveoli surface area
You should now be able to
• Correctly identify the performance criteria for LO2
• Correctly identify the function of the respiratory
system
• Correctly describe the pathway of air
• Correctly describe the process of pulmonary diffusion
• Correctly describe the stages that occur in breathing in
and breathing out
• Correctly describe the adaptations that take place in
the respiratory system with sport and exercise