Download Science – Visual Study Guide

Science – Visual
Study Guide
Chapter 4 – Lessons 1-4
Mr. Rowe & Ms. Hallock
VERTEBRATES
AND
INVERTEBRATES
Vertebrate

An animal with a backbone
Invertebrate

Does NOT have a backbone
Vertebrates – 5 Groups

Mammals


Hair on most of its body
Females feed milk to their young
Vertebrates – 5 Groups

Fish


Covered with scales
Breathe with gills
Vertebrates – 5 Groups

Reptiles


Has dry scales or tough plates
Slithers across ground or crawls on short legs
Vertebrates – 5 Groups

Amphibians



Moist skin without scales, hair, or feathers
Breathes with lungs as an adult, gills when young
Lives in water AND on land
Vertebrates – 5 Groups

Birds




Covered with feathers
Has wings, scaly legs and a beak
Females lay eggs
Some fly – not ALL!
Invertebrates

Here are some examples: be able to name at
least 3 animals without backbones
Invertebrates


Arthropods are the biggest group!
They include:




Insects
Arachnids (spiders)
Crustaceans (crabs & shrimp)
Centipedes & Millipedes
There
are more
INVERTEBRATES in
the world – about 95%
of all animals do NOT
have backbones!
SYMMETRY
MOST animals have
SYMMETRY!


That means that the parts of their bodies
match up with other parts around a midpoint
or a line.
Examples:
ENDOSKELETON
AND
EXOSKELETON
EXOSKELETON

Shell on the OUTSIDE of an animal’s body



Protects them from getting SQUISHED!
Keeps them from drying out
Think: Knight in shining armor!
ENDOSKELETON


Think ENDO = INDOOR
Skeleton (bones) on the INSIDE of their
bodies

Helps them stand up and walk
WARM AND COLD
BLOODED
ANIMALS
WARM BLOODED

Some animals are warm-blooded




Mammals
Birds
That means their body temperature stays the
same all the time.
They get energy from food they eat.
COLD BLOODED

Some animals are cold blooded





Fish
Reptiles
Amphibians
This means they need the SUN to keep them
warm.
They are whatever temperature they are in
their environment.
WHAT ALL
ANIMALS MUST
DO…
In order to be called an animal,
an organism must do 6 things:

Be made up of many CELLS
In order to be called an animal,
an organism must:

MOVE on their own
In order to be called an animal,
an organism must:

GROW and DEVELOP
In order to be called an animal,
an organism must:

REPRODUCE (have babies)
In order to be called an animal,
an organism must:

React to changes in their environment


Birds fly south for the winter
Bears hibernate in the winter
In order to be called an animal,
an organism must:

Get energy by eating food
In order to be called an animal,
an organism must:

Get rid of wastes
IMPORTANT FACTS

Humans are VERTEBRATES!

Humans have an ENDOSKELETON!

Humans are WARM-BLOODED!

Humans constant body temperature
is 98.6!
LIFE CYCLE
Life Cycle

The stages of growth and change that make
up an animal’s life




Birth
Growing
Having babies
Death
LIFE SPAN
Life Span

How long an animal can usually live in the
wild

Example:



a moth lives about a week
Snake can live 20 years
Parrot can live 80 years
METAMORPHOSIS
Metamorphosis


Frogs and many insects like butterflies go
through it
It’s a cycle where an animal looks different at
each stage
BODY SYSTEMS
Respiratory System



Helps you breathe
Important parts:
mouth, lungs, nose
We breathe in
OXYGEN and out
carbon dioxide
Circulatory System




Pumps blood
throughout your body
The “pump” is the heart
Important parts: heart,
blood vessels, veins
You can feel your
circulatory system by
checking your pulse in
your neck or on your
wrist
Skeletal System



Made up of our
BONES
Helps us to stand,
stay upright, and
move around
We have 206 bones
in our bodies!
Muscular System



Made up of muscles.
We have 640
muscles in our
bodies!
They push and pull
on bones to help us
move.
Nervous System



Made up of our BRAIN,
SPINAL CORD, and
nerves
Also our 5 senses (how
we take in information)
Messages about what
we feel travel from our
bodies to our brains and
our brain sends back
messages about how to
react (move away if
something is hot)
Digestive System


IMPORTANT
PARTS: mouth,
throat, stomach,
small and large
intestine
Helps us to break
down food after we
eat and use the
vitamins in it to keep
us healthy