Download Document

The Human Body…What is it? How does it work?
Let’s operate and find out!
by Brad Hinch
Objective:
Students will learn that the body is make up of
cells tissues, organs and different systems; the
importance of the skeletal and muscular system; locate
the major organs of the body; and know beneficial
nutritional habits.
Curriculum:
Gasconade County R-2
Schools
Cells:
the basic
buibding blocks
Nervous
Human Body
Nutrition
System
Digestive
System
Circulatory
Skeletal
System
System
Respiratory
System
Muscular
System
What is the body made of?
The body is made up of millions of individual cells. Each cell
has a special job to do and works with the others.
Let’s take a look.
Living_Cell__The.asf
Cell Summary
- all living things are made of cells
-the body is made up of millions ofcells, all working together
-there are different types of cells
-groups of cells that work together to carry out a job form tissue.
Example: muscle cells work together to form muscle tissue.
-cells have different parts
-cell wall: covers the cell, but lets things in and out
-cytoplasm: jelly-like substance inside the cell that contains
chemicals that help keep the cell running
-nucleus: the control center of the cell; it runs the cell
The Nervous System-
Control Central Headquarters
oThe human brain is growing! In 1860 the average
weight of a male brain was 3 lbs. Now a man’s brain
weighs an average of 3 1/8 lbs.
oThere are around 30,000 million nerve cells in the
body.
oA nerve cell can transmit 1,000 nerve impulses each
second
A Slice of Brain Viewer
Your brain controls everything you do, like blinking, breathing,
talking, walking, letting you know if something is hot or cold, seeing,
feeling, hearing, tasting, smelling, making sure all the organs inside you
work together, standing, sitting. along with thousands of other things.
It is and amazing organ, and like the rest of your body is made up of
specialized cells. In fact, your brain makes it possible to watch this
Nervous System Summary
The brain and the spinal cord make up the
central nervous system
-your brain controls everything you do – whether you
think about doing it (like drawing a picture), or not (like
breathing and blinking)
-this is the body’s information gatherer, storage enter, and
control center
-the main function fo the nervous system is to collect
information on how the body is doing, and what it needs, it
sends a response to meet those needs
-the nervous system uses electronic impulses which travel
along the length of cells. These impulses travel up to 250
miles per hour!
Skeletal System (Front View)
The Skeletal System is
an important part of your
body. It gives you shape, helps
protect your important
internal organs, and assists
you in moving.
The Skeletal System
The bones and muscles, two different systems that
work together. Check this out to see how it’s done.
\\3-5_s\staff\35hinch\Smartboard\Science
\Real_World_Science__Skel
etal_and_Muscular_Systems.
asf
…and if that one didn’t fill your head with
enough information about how the muscles and
bones work together, try this clip!
\\3-5_s\staff\35hinch\Smartboard\Science\Inside
_Story_with_Slim_Goodbody__The
__The_Team_That_Hustles__The_S
tory_of_Your_Bones_and_Muscles.
asf
Skeletal System Summary
--your bones give your body shape
-your skeleton allows you to move with the help of your
muscles
-your rib cage protects important internal organs
-babies are boorn with 270 soft bones that fuse together by
age 25 into 206 hard permanent bones
-some bones produce red blood cells (carry oxygen) and
others produce white blood cells (fight harmful bacteria in
the body)
Here are some cool
facts about muscles.
oMuscles are bundles of cells and
fibers.
oMuscles work in a very simple way.
All they do is tighten up--that is,
contract--and relax.
oYou have two sets of muscles
attached to many of your bones which
allow them to move.
oThere are 630 active muscles in your
body and they act in groups.
oMuscles can only pull. They never
push
Muscular System - Human Anatnomy Online
Muscular System Summary
-Muscles are attached to bones by tendons and other
tissues which allow us to move in many ways
-muscles are connected to the brain and spinal cord by
many nerves
-muscles can only pull they cannot push
-there are 3 types of muscles
cardiac muscle (found only in the heart) – pumps
blood through the body
-smooth muscle – surrounds or are part
of internal organs, they are involuntary
(you can’t control them)
-skeletal muscle – carries out voluntary
actions (you can control them) the most
common type, make up 23% of women’s
and 40% of men’s body weight
The Cardiovascular
System includes the heart
and blood vessels. The
heart pumps the blood
and the vessels carry it
throughout the body.
The blood carries oxygen
to the body and carries
carbondioxide away from
the body.
Operation Air Intake: The heart works together with
the lungs to get oxygen to the body. Watch this cool
operation.
The main job of the
respiratory system is to
supply the blood with oxygen
in order for the blood to
deliver oxygen to all parts of
the body. The respiratory
system does this through
breathing. When we breathe,
we inhale oxygen and exhale
carbon dioxide. This
exchange of gases is the
respiratory system's means of
getting oxygen to the blood.
Cardiovascular/RespiratorySystem
Cardiovascular system
Summary
– heart, blood vessels
-blood is the sticky, red fluid that goes through the body,
taking oxygen and collecting carbon dioxide using veins and
arteries
-the heart pumps the blood through the body
Respiratory system
-organs responsible for taking oxygen from the air to the
blood steam and getting rid of carbon dioxide like the
lungs, nose, and mouth
Both of these systems are very
important to life and breathing. Both
are done automatically and controlled
by the brain.
The Digestive System
oWhen you eat, your body
digests the food so your
cells can use it to make
energy.
oAcids and enzymes eat
away at the surface of food
to break it down.
oThe small intestine is
where food is broken down
into molecules tiny enough
for the body cells to use.
oIn the villi are tiny tubes
that carry blood called
VESSELS. Food molecules
are taken into these blood
vessels. Once the food is in
the blood, it can travel all
over the body.
Good Nutrition – What is good nutrition? Wht should you
eat? How much should you eat? How do you know what’s
good for you?
Watch and get the scoop on what’s best for you.
Digestive System Summary
-the digestive system is a group of
organs whose job is to break down
food so it can be used to make energy
for the body
- the system also builds and replaces
cells and atissues which are constantly dying.
- digestion begins in the mouth. The teeth grind up the
food . The tongue detects “good’ and “bad” flavors and
helps move food around the mouth and down the throat.
Saliva (spit) ehlps with chewing and swallowing and starts
digestion. Food goes down the throat to the stomach shere
chemicals break the food down to be used by the body for
energy, building blocks for cells and tissues, and some is
stored for later use. The food passes through the small and
large intestine where nutrients are absorbed. The parts of
food that cannot be used are passed out of the body.
Nutrition
Top
Bread, Grain, Cereal and Pasta Form the Base
At the base of the food pyramid, you’ll see the group that contains breads,
grains, cereals and pastas. These foods provide complex carbohydrates, which
are an important source of energy, especially for a low-fat meal plan. You can
make many low-fat choices from foods in this group. You’ll need 6 to 11 servings
of these foods in a day. One serving of this group can be:
•1 slice of bread
•1/2 cup of rice, cooked cereal or pasta
•1 cup of ready-to-eat cereal
•1 flat tortilla
Try to eat whole-grain breads, cereal and pasta for most of your servings from
this group. Whole-grain foods (which are made with whole wheat flour) are
less processed and retain more valuable vitamins, minerals and fiber than foods
made with white flour. When you purchase whole-grain foods, look for breads
and pastas with "stoneground whole wheat flour" as the first ingredient,
because some "wheat" breads may be white breads with only caramel coloring
added.
Fruits and Vegetables
Fruits and vegetables are rich in nutrients. Many are excellent sources of
vitamin A, vitamin C, folate or potassium. They are low in fat and sodium
and high in fiber. The Food Pyramid suggests 3 to 5 servings of vegetables
each day. One serving of vegetables can be:
•1 cup of raw leafy vegetables
•1/2 cup of other vegetables, cooked or raw
•3/4 cup of vegetable juice
The Food Pyramid suggests 2 to 4 servings of fruit each day. One serving of
fruit can be:
•One medium apple, orange or banana
•1/2 cup of chopped, cooked or canned fruit
•3/4 cup of fruit juice
Count only 100% fruit juice as a fruit, and limit juice consumption. Many
commercial bottled juices come in containers that hold more than 2
servings – which can add lots of sugar and calories to your daily diet.
Punches, ades and most fruit "drinks" have only a bit of juice and lots of
sugar. Fruit sodas are sugary drinks, and they don’t count as fruit, either.
Beans, Eggs, Lean Meat and Fish
Meat, poultry and fish supply protein, iron and zinc. Non-meat foods such
as dried peas and beans also provide many of these nutrients. The Food
Pyramid suggests 2 to 3 servings of cooked meat, fish or poultry. Each
serving should be between 2 and 3 ounces. The following foods count as
one ounce of meat:
•One egg
•2 tablespoons of peanut butter
•1/2 cup cooked dry beans
•1/3 cup of nuts
Choose lean meat, fish and dry beans and peas often because these are the
lowest in fat. Remove skin from poultry and trim away visible fat on meat.
Avoid frying these foods. Moderation is the watchword when it comes to
nuts because they are high in fat.
Dairy Products
Products made with milk provide protein and vitamins and minerals,
especially calcium. The Food Pyramid suggests 2 to 3 servings each day. If
you are breastfeeding, pregnant, a teenager or a young adult age 24 or
under, try to have 3 servings. Most other people should have 2 servings
daily. Interestingly, cottage cheese is lower in calcium that most other
cheeses - one cup counts as only 1/2 serving of milk. Go easy on high-fat
cheese and ice cream. Choose non-fat milk and yogurt and cheeses made
from skim milk because they are lowest in fat.
Fats and Sweets
A food pyramid's tip is the smallest part, so the fats and sweets in the top of the
Food Pyramid should comprise the smallest percentage of your daily diet. The
foods at the top of the food pyramid should be eaten sparingly because they
provide calories but not much in the way of nutrition. These foods include salad
dressings, oils, cream, butter, margarine, sugars, soft drinks, candies and sweet
desserts.
How Much Can You Feed Your Sweet Tooth?
Sugars found naturally in fruits and milk are not a problem. It’s the added
sugars that need to be limited because they provide calories but few vitamins
and minerals. You’ll find sugar-laden food at the top of the Food Pyramid.
Added sugars can be found in soft drinks, candy, jams, jellies, syrups and table
sugar we add to coffee and cereal. Added sugar can also appear in sweetened
yogurt, soups, spaghetti sauces, applesauce and other items where you
wouldn’t suspect it unless you check the list of ingredients.
Making good food choices are important to give the
body energy and the resources it needs to grow.
Check out the video and see the benefits of eating
healthy foods..
..\..\Science\Food_and_Nutrition_2.asf
Nutrition Summary
-carbohydrates (breads, grains
and pastas provide energy, 6 –11
servings every day
-fruits and vegetables provide important nutrients and
vitamins, 3 – 5 of vegetable servings a day, 2 –4 servings of
fruit
-beans eggs,lean meat and fish provide protein, 2 –3
servings a day
-dairy products provide vitamins and minerals, espicially
calcium. 2 – 3 servings a day
-fats and sweets provide calories, but little nutrition, eat in
small amounts
Let’s see if you would make a good surgeon
and can remember where some basic information
about the body would belong. See if you can put the
words and facts under the system where they
belong.
The Body Systems
Review
References:
Page 1 – picture – Microsoft Clip Art
Page 2 – picture – Microsoft Clip Art
Page 3 – Clipart – Microsoft Clip Art
Page 4 – Unitedstreaming.com
Page 6 - A Slice of Brain -http://www.mabot.com/brain/,
picture - http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/local/suminst/bbi02/forum2.html
Page 7 – video –” The Smart Parts: The Story of Your Brain add Nervous System” – Unitedstreaming.com
Page 9 - http://www.bio.psu.edu/people/faculty/strauss/anatomy/skel/skeletal.htm
Page 10 – “Real Word Science – Skeletal and Muscular Systems” – Unitedstreaming .com
Page11 - “The Team that Hustles” – Unitedstreaming.com
Muscular System – Human Anatomy Online - http://www.innerbody.com/image/musfov.html
Page 13 muscle facts - http://www.imcpl.org/kids/guides/health/muscularsystem.html
Human muscles – Microsoft Clip Art
Page 15 – Cardiovascular system picture http://www.interactivephysiology.com/demo/systems/systems/cardio/index.html
Page 16 – “Real World Science – Respiratory and Cardiovascular Systems” –
Unitedstreaming.com
Page 17 - http://fi.edu/biosci/systems/respiration.html
Page 19 – Diagram - http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/anatomy/digestive/
Informati5n - http://www.imcpl.org/kids/guides/health/digestivesystem.html
Page 20 – Good Nutrition video – Unitedstreaming.com
Pages 22 – 27 Nutrition
http://www.lifeclinic.com/focus/nutrition/food-pyramid.asp
Page 28 - video – “Food and Nutrition 2” - Unitedstreaming.com