Survey
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Survey of Animals from the Phylum Chordata Sub Phylum Vertebrata Common Chordate Features All Chordates, at some point in their lives have four features: (Click) Notochord: a rod of stiffened tissue supporting the body (later develops into bony units comprising the vertebral column). Dorsal Nerve Chord: located just above the notochord and gut region (protected by vertebrae after full development) Muscular Pharynx: the entrance to the digestive tract (with small gill slits) Tail (or rudiment thereof): located near the anus Key Characteristics: Click to Continue Body Temperature Regulation – Ectotherm: body changes temperature in response to external environment – Homeotherm: temperature remains constant regardless of external environment # Of Heart Chambers – Two: (atrium/ventricle) allows for mixing of deoxygenated & oxygenated blood – Three: (2 atria/1 ventricle) more efficient separation of deO2 & O2 blood – Four: (2 atria/2 ventricles) complete separation of deO2 & O2 blood Respiratory Organs (Exchange of 02 & CO2) – Lungs, Gills, Skin: moist membranes designed for gas exchange in/out of blood Reproductive Structures (Embryo Development) – Internal Amniotic Egg: develops inside of mother and contains amnion/amniotic fluid – External Amniotic Egg: develops outside of mother and contains amnion/amniotic fluid – Aquatic Egg: contains no amnion and develops in a liquid (aquatic) environment Excretory Mechanisms (H2O Conservation) – Urea: liquid waste released by specialized excretory structures (toxic if accumulates) – Uric Acid: solid waste (conserves H2O, non-toxic, & therefore can be stored) Class Pisces (Fish) Temperature Regulation Ectotherm # Heart Chambers 2 Breathing Mechanism Gills Skin/Covering Scales Reproduction (Eggs) Aquatic Excretory Mechanism Urea / (NH3) Means of Locomotion Swimming Fins Click to continue Class Amphibia Temperature Regulation Ectotherm # Heart Chambers 3 Breathing Mechanism Skin / Gills Skin/Covering Moist Skin Reproduction (Eggs) Aquatic Excretory Mechanism Urea / NH3 Means of Locomotion Tail / Fins / Legs Click to continue Class Reptilia Temperature Regulation Ectotherm # Heart Chambers 3/4 Breathing Mechanism Lungs Skin/Covering Dry Leathery Scales Reproduction (Eggs) Amniotic Excretory Mechanism Uric Acid Means of Locomotion Legs / Tail Click to continue Class Aves (Birds) Temperature Regulation Homeotherm # Heart Chambers 4 Breathing Mechanism Lungs Skin/Covering Feathers Reproduction (Eggs) Amniotic Excretory Mechanism Uric Acid Means of Locomotion Wings / Legs Click to continue Class Mammalia Temperature Regulation Homeotherm # Heart Chambers 4 Breathing Mechanism Lungs Skin/Covering Hair Reproduction (Eggs) Amniotic Excretory Mechanism Urea / NH3 Means of Locomotion Legs / Wings / Fins Click to continue