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Chapter 33
Mammals
Mammals are endothermic animals,
which means they are able to generate
substantial body heat internally.
http://www.exploringnature.org/graphics/Mammals_K2_72.jpg
Most species are experts at maintaining a constant
body temperature. They have combinations of fur, hair,
and subcutaneous fat and sweat glands
http://media1.shmoop.com/images/biology/biobook_animalmovement_graphik_53.png
Young mammals develop within the
mother for a time and then are born alive
Mammary glands
http://img.tfd.com/vet/thumbs/gr258.jpg
A diaphragm and the fourchambered heart
http://blogs.nejm.org/now/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/Dysfunction-of-the-Diaphragm.jpg
http://rbssanimalsystems4.wikispaces.com/file/view/heart_with_labels.jpg/291104367/heart_with_labels.jpg
The first mammals were small and
resembled tree shrews. They were
nocturnal out at night.
http://tomduhamel.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/megazostrodon.jpg
Three groups of mammals
http://facultylounge.whfreeman.com/files/images/figure_11_15_03.preview.jpg
http://facultylounge.whfreeman.com/files/images/figure_11_15_02.preview.jpg
http://facultylounge.whfreeman.com/files/images/figure_11_15_01.preview.jpg
Three types of teeth: Incisors,
Canines & Molars
http://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/topics-dentition-evolution-of-body-reproduction/deck/1131624
Carnivore Vs. Herbivore teeth
http://collections.burkemuseum.org/mtm/mam_skulls.php
Rumen-chamber in the digestive tract that
contains bacteria that produce enzymes
which aid in breaking down cellulose
http://ag.ansc.purdue.edu/sheep/ansc442/semprojs/2003/feedlamb/mag1.htm
Food gets regurgitated as cud and
chewed again
https://twitter.com/AtlantaCud
Cecum- sac that aids in digestion
similar to a rumen
http://www.dicts.info/picture-dictionary.php?w=cecum
Respiratory muscles: chest
muscles and diaphragm
http://concept2.co.uk/training/breathing
Circulatory system transports
gases and nutrients to the rest of
the body
http://www.elateafrica.org/elate/biology/transportanimals/transportinanimalsintro.html
Kidneys are the most highly
developed of all invertebrates
http://open.jorum.ac.uk/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/947/Items/S324_1_section8.html
Kidneys extract N from blood and
form urea. Also excrete and retain
liquid
http://www.arizonatransplant.com/healthtopics/index.html
The mammalian brain is more
highly developed than any other
animal’s brain
http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/i/i_05/i_05_cr/i_05_cr_her/i_05_cr_her.html
3 main parts of brain: cerebrum (thinking and
learning), cerebellum (coordinates movement like
flight), medulla (regulates body functions like
breathing and heart rate)
http://www.myschoolhouse.com/courses/O/1/34.asp
Three senses of mammals: Sight,
Hearing, and smell
https://www.dana.org/news/brainhealth/detail.aspx?id=10064
Protection behaviors (horns and
hooves or just running)
http://www.mining.com/bondholders-heading-to-gold-since-they-have-no-where-left-to-run-sprott-66084/
Herbivore defense
Mammal movement: running,
climbing, flying, and swimming
(homologous structures)
http://mudfooted.com/platypus-mammal-eggs-bill/
http://www.earthweek.com/2009/ew090123/ew090123f.html
http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/adaptations/Climbing
Biologists link mammals to reptilians by
the ability of some mammals to lay
eggs (monotremes)
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1084952112000699
Yolk Sac-nourishes the developing
embryo inside the marsupial’s
reproductive tract
http://9e.devbio.com/article.php?id=108
Marsupium-pouch on the mother
where the baby goes and nurses
for several months
http://www.whereincity.com/india-kids/animals/kangaroo.htm
Placenta-organ through which nutrients,
oxygen, carbon dioxide, and wastes are
exchanged between embryo and mother
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/imagepages/17010.htm
Advantages of having placenta
• 1. Allows the embryo to develop for a
much longer time inside the mother
• 2. The mother is able to feed and still
protect the developing embryo
Gestation period-the time the
embryo is developing in the uterus
Long learning period and prolonged
childhood give mammals success
http://www.africas-eden.com/Wildlife-of-Gabon.asp
Monotremes
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/mammal/monotreme/echidna2.jpg
Marsupials
http://visual.merriam-webster.com/images/animal-kingdom/marsupial-mammals/examples-marsupials.jpg
Placentals
http://www.evolution-textbook.org/content/free/figures/22_EVOW_Art/07_EVOW_CH22.jpg
Insectivora
http://www.codigovenezuela.com/sistema/wp-content/gallery/topo/star_nosed_mole-s1360x673-2274.jpg
Chiroptera
http://images.nationalgeographic.com/wpf/media-live/photos/000/005/cache/common-vampire-bat_505_600x450.jpg
Edentata
http://tolweb.org/tree/ToLimages/armadillo.jpg
Rodentia
Lagomorpha
http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/naturelibrary/images/ic/credit/640x395/l/la/lagomorpha/lagomorpha_1.jpg
Carnivora
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Order_Carnivora.jpg/250px-Order_Carnivora.jpg
Cetacea
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Cetacea.jpg
Sirenia
http://www.angelfire.com/mo2/animals1/images/manatee.jpg
Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)
http://www.ultimateungulate.com/Images/artiodactyla.gif
Perissodactyla (odd-toed
ungulates)
http://www.ultimateungulate.com/Images/perissodactyla.gif
Proboscidea
http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/naturelibrary/images/ic/credit/640x395/p/pr/proboscidea/proboscidea_1.jpg
Primates
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_DFeL3hEaCfQ/TTzwc_GeAII/AAAAAAAAABw/p74sCIj8LVo/s1600/DSC_4638.jpg