Download Chapter Thirteen Health, Stress, and Coping

Chapter Thirteen
Health, Stress,
and Coping
Question
Imagine that you were almost hit by a car
on your way to class today. The initial
physiological “jolt” that you likely
experienced is similar to which of the
following stages in Selye’s general
adaptation syndrome (GAS)?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Alarm
Resistance
Exhaustion
Extinction
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Answer
Choice a is correct.
The alarm reaction of the GAS involves some
version of the fight-or-flight response. It may
include increased heart rate, rapid breathing,
sweaty palms, and dry mouth, among other
reactions. The effect of this alarm reaction is to
mobilize emergency energy in the face of the
stressor. (Chapter 13, Physical Responses
section)
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Question
The common experience of becoming
sick during final exams period is likely due
to mechanisms related to which of the
following stages in the general adaptation
syndrome (GAS)?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Alarm
Resistance
Exhaustion
Extinction
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Answer
Choice c is correct.
During the exhaustion stage of the GAS,
suppression of the body’s disease-fighting
immune system is quite common, due to the
prolonged activation of stress hormones. In the
face of this immune system weakening, it is
common for the individual to be more
susceptible to becoming ill. (Chapter 13,
Physical Responses section)
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Question
Survivors of the September 11th terrorist
attacks on New York City might have
experienced the following symptoms in the
ensuing weeks and months: anxiety, irritability,
jumpiness, and inability to concentrate, among
other symptoms. If they did experience such
symptoms, they might have been suffering from
____________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
burnout
an adjustment disorder
the general adaptation syndrome
posttraumatic stress disorder
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Answer
Choice d is correct.
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) involves
the symptoms listed in the question, as well as
problems associated with re-experiencing the
traumatic event through nightmares and/or vivid
memories. PTSD is most often associated with
traumatic events such as war, terrorism,
assault, or rape. (Chapter 13, Linkages: Stress
and Psychological Disorders section)
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Question
Which of the following is a good example
of an emotion-focused coping technique?
a) Getting out your jumper cables when
your car won’t start
b) Studying for your anthropology test
tomorrow
c) Taking a bath to help yourself relax
before a big presentation at work
d) Taking an Advil to get rid of your
headache
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Answer
Choice c is correct.
Emotion-focused coping strategies
involve efforts to regulate the negative
emotional consequences of stressors.
They are contrasted with problem-focused
coping strategies, which involve efforts to
alter or eliminate the source of stress.
(Chapter 13, Coping Resources and
Coping Methods section)
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Question
____________ are white blood cells
formed in the bone marrow. They serve
as the body’s mobile defense system
against foreign substances
a)
b)
c)
d)
Leukocytes
Macrophages
Antibodies
Pseudopods
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Answer
Choice a is correct.
Leukocytes are white blood cells that are
an important part of the immune system.
B-cells, T-cells, and natural killer cells are
among the varied types of leukocytes.
(Chapter 13, Stress, Illness, and the
Immune System section)
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Question
The most significant preventable risk
factor for fatal illnesses in the United
States is ____________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
drug use
drinking alcohol
smoking
watching too much television
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Answer
Choice c is correct.
Smoking accounts for approximately 20%
of all U.S. deaths, more than all other
drugs, car accidents, suicides, homicides,
and fires combined. (Chapter 13, Risking
Your Life: Health-Endangering Behaviors
section)
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Question
A patient comes into your mental health clinic
and says the following: “I think I drink too much
and my drinking is starting to cause me some
big problems. What should I do?” This patient is
in which of the five stages of behavior change?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Precontemplation
Contemplation
Preparation
Action
Maintenance
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Answer
Choice b is correct.
The patient appears to be in the contemplation
stage of Prochaska’s model. In the contemplation
stage, the individual is aware of a problem behavior
and is in the process of thinking about changing the
problem behavior. This is in contrast to the
precontemplation stage, where the person does not
perceive a problem, and the preparation stage,
where the person has a strong intention to change
and has made specific plans to do so. (Chapter 13,
Changing Health Behaviors: Stages of Readiness
section)
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