Download Lymph Fluid - Effingham County Schools

Urinary and Lymphatic
Systems
Functions of Lymphatic System
Filters lymph fluid
Returns leaked fluid to
circulatory system
Produces and
modifies cells of
immune system to
fight infection
Major Organs of the Lymphatic System
Lymph Fluid
Lymph Capillaries
Lymph Vessels
Lymph Nodes (nonsecreting
"glands“)
Thymus
Spleen
Tonsils
Major Organs of the Lymphatic System
Lymph Fluid: The clear fluid
found outside the cells
which bathes the tissues. It
is collected, filtered, and
transported by the
lymphatic system from
around the tissues to the
blood of the circulatory
system.
Major Organs of the Lymphatic System
Lymph Capillaries – collect
lymph fluid from the
tissues of the body
Lymph Capillary Animation:
http://www.lymphnotes.com/article.php/id/151/
Lymph Capillaries
Thin walled - pick up
and recycle extra
tissue fluid
During inflammation,
lymph capillaries
can absorb:
– Cell debris
– Pathogens
– Cancer cells
Lymph circulation due to ?
Major Organs of the Lymphatic System
Lymph Vessels
transport lymph fluid
to the circulatory
system.
Lymphatic vessels
comparable in
structure to veins
Damaged valves or blocked
lymph vessels
???
Lymph Transport
• The lymphatic system
lacks a pumping organ
• To propel lymph, vessels
rely on:
– Pulsations of nearby
arteries
– Movement of muscles
throughout the body
– Contractions of smooth
muscle in the walls of the
lymphatic vessels
Lymphoid Organs – aid in the
production of lymphocytes (WBC)
•
•
•
•
Lymph Nodes
Spleen
Thymus
Tonsils
Lymphocytes
• White Blood Cells
(Lymphocytes) are
the main cells
involved in the
immune response
• Two main varieties:
– T cells
– B cells
White Blood Cells
a.k.a Lymphocytes
T cells and B cells
protect the body
against antigens
1. Antigen – anything
the body perceives
as foreign
– Bacteria and their
toxins; viruses
– Mismatched RBCs
or cancer cells
Lymphocytes a.k.a. (White Blood Cells)
2. T cells
– Manage the immune
response
– Attack and destroy
foreign cells
3. B cells
– Produce plasma
cells, which secrete
antibodies
– Antibodies
immobilize antigens
Bone Marrow:
Lymphopoiesis
Lymphocytes are later
also produced in thymus,
spleen and tonsils
Fig 23.7
Lymph Nodes • Primary lymphatic organs
of the body
• Found within connective
tissue and along lymphatic
vessels
• 2 basic functions:
– Filtration –remove
microorganisms, dead
cells, and debris
– Immune system
activation – monitor
and attack antigens
Lymph
nodes
Lymph Nodes Animation
Spleen
• Largest lymphatic
organ
• Functions:
– Site of white blood cell
production
– Immune surveillance
and response
– Cleanses the blood by
removing dead red
blood cells
Thymus
Only lymphoid organ that does NOT
fight antigens, it functions as “T-cell
academy” – modifies T-cells
Tonsils & Adenoids
• Simplest
lymphatic
organs
• Trap bacteria
and other
antigens
which work
their way into
the follicles
where they
are destroyed
Disorders of the Lymphatic System
• Edema
Accumulation of
lymph fluid caused by
blockages in the
lymphatic vessels
Disorders of the Lymphatic System
• Severe combined
immunodeficiency (SCID)
syndrome – genetic
disorder in which a
person is born missing T
cells (white blood cells
that identify and attack
perceived “invaders”) and
affect the function of the
B cells (white blood cells
that produce antibodies
against infection)
Disorders of the Lymphatic System
– An autoimmune disorder is a condition that
occurs when the immune system mistakenly
attacks and destroys healthy body tissue. There
are more than 80 different types of autoimmune
disorders.
•
•
•
•
Rhuematoid Arthritis
Type I Diabetes
Psoriasis
Vitiligo
The Urinary System
Functions of Urinary System
● Regulate fluid
balance (fluid
volume) of the body
FILTER
BLOOD
● Excrete waste
products from the
blood
 Stabilize blood pH
 Regulate ion
concentrations in
the blood
Kidney Location
Major Organs of the Urinary
System
– Kidneys– main
organs of the
urinary system;
have specialized
cells called
Nephrons that filter
harmful poisons
like urea from the
blood
Major Organs of the Urinary
System
– Kidneys– main
organs of the
urinary system;
have specialized
cells called
Nephrons that filter
harmful poisons
like urea from the
blood
Major Organs of the Urinary
System
– Bladder –stores
urine
Major Organs of the Urinary
System
– Bladder –stores
urine
Major Organs of the Urinary
System
– Ureters– tubes that
connect kidneys to
bladder
Major Organs of the Urinary
System
– Ureters– tubes that
connect kidneys to
bladder
Major Organs of the Urinary
System
– Urethra– tube thru
which urine exits
the body
Major Organs of the Urinary
System
– Urethra– tube thru
which urine exits
the body
Major Organs of the Urinary
System
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–
–
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Kidneys– main organs
of the urinary system;
have specialized cells
called Nephrons that
filter harmful poisons
like urea from the blood
Bladder –stores urine
Ureters– tubes that
connect kidneys to
bladder
Urethra– tube thru
which urine exits the
body
2 Categories of Waste Removed By the
Kidneys
(produced by cellular respiration)
Excretion and other body systems
Cross section
Kidney Stones
Renal failure
• Acute (sudden) kidney failure is the
sudden loss of the ability of the kidneys to
remove waste and concentrate urine.
– Can be caused by: Dehydration, Hemorrhage,
Injury, Septic shock, Serious illness, Surgery