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IMMUNITY
Lat. immunitas – freedom from
Immune system
LEVELS OF IMMUNE RESPONSE
external barriers
INNATE IMMUNITY
phagocytic cells
IF
NOT!
humoral
SPECIFIC IMMUNITY
cell-mediated
EXAMPLE
CELLS OF SPECIFIC IMMUNITY
ANTIGEN-PRESENTING CELLS
Macrophages
(bacteria)
Dendritic cells
(viruses)
Phagocyte and degrade
In tissues
Display on cell surface
Enter lymph
B lymphocytes
(toxins)
cytokines, type of
presenting cell
In lymph nodes
Humoral or cell-mediated
immune response
DECISION
Interaction with T helper
cells
HUMORAL OR CELL MEDIATED
IMMUNE RESPONSE?
BACTERIA
HUMORAL
RESPONSE
B cells
VIRUSES
CELLMEDIATED
RESPONSE
Cytotoxic
T cells
HUMORAL IMMUNITY
B cells – develop in bone marrow – blood, lymph, lymph nodes
Antigen-presenting cell – lymph node –
interaction with T helper cells
Primary follicle with
resting B lymphocytes
INTERACTION OF T HELPER
CELL AND RESTING
B LYMPHOCYTES
Secondary follicle
with activated B
lymphocytes
Plasma
cells
Secrete
immunoglobulins
Memory
B cells
Circulate
IMMUNOGLOBULINS
Five classes – IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, IgM
Lymph node – circulation – inflamed
tissue – recognition of antigen –
activation of complement system
Opsonizing
antigen
Enhancing
inflammation
CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY
T cells – development in bone marrow and
thymus
Selection
Differentiation
T helper
cells
T cytotoxic
cells
Circulate
Circulate
CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY
Antigen-presenting cell – lymph node –
interaction with T helper cells
Resting cytotoxic T cells
INTERACTION OF T HELPER
CELL AND RESTING
CYTOTOXIC T CELL
Activated and
multiplied cytotoxic T
cells enter blood and
lymph
In inflamed tissue
Recognition and lysis of
cells infected with viruses
REFERENCES
Roitt, Delves Roitt's Essential Immunology, 10th edition
Andreis, Batinić, Čulo, Grčević, Lukinović-Škudar, Marušić, Taradi,
Višnjić Imunologija, 7. izdanje