Download Operant Conditioning

Operant Conditioning
Classical v. Operant Conditioning
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Classical
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Reflexive Behavior
Extinction
Spontaneous
Recovery
Generalization
Discrimination
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Operant
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Voluntary Behavior
Extinction
Spontaneous
Recovery
Generalization
Discrimination
History of Behaviorism
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Classical Conditioning:
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Pavlov, Watson, Rescorla
Edward L. Thorndike (1874-1949)
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Animal Intelligence – Cats
Trial and Error Learning
Instrumental Conditioning
Law of Effect
B. F. Skinner (1904-1990)
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Susquehanna, Pennsylvania
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B.A. in English
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M.A. from Harvard in 1930
Ph.D. from Harvard in 1931
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1936 @ U of Minnesota
1945 @ U of Indiana
1948 @ Harvard
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Died in 1990 of Leukemia
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“Operant”
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Operant Behaviour: a type of
behaviour that operates on the
environment to have a particular
effect.
Operant Conditioning: a form of
learning whereby voluntary
behaviour comes to be controlled by
consequences.
Skinner Box
Operant Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
SD
Discriminative Stimulus
Operant Conditioning
Voluntary
“Operant”
Operant Conditioning
Punishment
Reinforcement
Positive
Negative
Give
Positive
Reinforcement
Positive
Punishment
Take Away
Negative
Punishment
Negative
Reinforcement
Positive
Give
Take Away
Negative
Operant Conditioning
Tell Joke
In Class
Laugh
Operant Conditioning
Students Take Notes
Professor Talks
Better Grades
Positive
Give
Take Away
Negative
Operant Conditioning
Take Aspirin
Headache
Relief
Operant Conditioning
Put seat belt on
Car buzzing
Relief
Positive
Give
Take Away
Negative
Positive
Punishment
Operant Conditioning
Eat Too Fast
Food at Table
Pain
Operant Conditioning
Say something
Inappropriate
Social Situation
Embarrassment
Positive
Give
Take Away
Negative
Punishment
Negative
Operant Conditioning
Drive to Fast
On Highway
Money Taken Away
Operant Conditioning
Tantrum
At Home…
Timeout
Further Distinctions
Immediate versus delayed
reinforcement
Further Distinctions
Generalized Reinforcers
Further Distinctions
Primary Versus Secondary
Reinforcers
Further Distinctions
Intrinsic Versus Extrinsic
Learned Industriousness
Intrinsic and Extrinsic
Reinforcement
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Lepper, Green, & Nisbett (1973)
Cameron & Pierce (1994)
 meta-analysis 96 studies
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Intrinsic and Extrinsic
Reinforcement
Cameron & Pierce (1994)
 no effect - except when… reward is
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1) expected
 2) tangible (money)
 3) based on performance
 (not quality of performance)
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