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Instrumental Conditioning A Little History • Thorndike – – – – discrete trial procedure outcome dependent on behavior didn’t find imitative learning first theory of instrumental learning Thorndikes’ Law of Effect S-R associations are stamped in by reward (satisfiers) Stimulus Response Thorndike’s Answer to “What is learned?” Habit Learning S Reinforcement “stamps in” this connection R Is This All That’s Learned? S R ? ? O S-O Association Stage 1 Stage 2 Test RightPellet TonePellet Tone: Left? Right? LeftSucrose LightSucrose Light: Left? Right? Number of Presses Left Right Tone Light R-O Association Phase 1 Devaluation Push LeftPellet Pellet+LiCl Number of Pushes Push RightSucrose Sucrose+LiCl Test Right? Left? Right Pushes Left Pushes Devalued Pellet Devalued Sucrose Pavlovian (classical) or Instrumental? • Office Conditioning Experiment Consequence Effect on Behavior Rate Event Presented Positive Smile Reinforcement Positive Frown Punishment Event Removed Negative Stops Texting Reinforcement Leaves Negative Shop Punishment Instrumental Crying