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Warm-Up • • • What religion does your family practice? What do you believe about the nature of God/Gods/Higher Power of Your Choice? What do you believe happens to a person after death? Politics and Religion Major World Religions Judaism Who – Abraham, Moses When – circa 3000 BC Where – Israel Holy Books - Torah, and Talmud Major Divisions – Orthodox, Conservative, Reform Basic Beliefs Monotheistic – one God Jews are the chosen people of God, must follow his laws. Jerusalem/Israel are holy lands. Christianity Who – Jesus of Nazareth When – circa 30AD Where – Israel Holy Books – Old and New Testaments Major Divisions – Catholic, Protestant, Orthodox Basic Beliefs Jesus Christ is the son of God Death and resurrection Came to redeem mankind from sin. Who – Mohammed When – circa 620AD Where – Arabian Peninsula Holy Books – Quran and the Hadith Major Divisions – Sunni, Shia Basic Beliefs There is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is the messenger of God Quran is word of God. Muslims must perform the “Five Pillars of Faith”. Islam Video http://ed.ted.com/lessons/the-five-majorworld-religions-john-bellaimey#review Quiz The Five Pillars of Islam - the five obligations that every Muslim must satisfy in order to live a good and responsible life according to Islam. 1. Shahadah: sincerely reciting the Muslim profession of faith 2. Salat: performing ritual prayers in the proper way five times each day 3. Zakat: paying an alms (or charity) tax to benefit the poor and the needy 4. Sawm: fasting during the month of Ramadan 5. Hajj: pilgrimage to Mecca Hinduism Who – Ancient priests of India When – 5000 –3000 BCE Where – India Holy Books – Vedas, Bhagavad-Gita Major Divisions – Numerous schools and traditions Basic Beliefs Polytheistic Reincarnation and Karma – cause and effect Ultimate goal – oneness with “Brahman” (God, Reality) Holy Sound (symbol) Om (also spelled Aum) is a Hindu sacred sound that is considered the greatest of all mantras. The syllable Om is composed of the three sounds a-u-m (in Sanskrit, the vowels a and u combine to become o) and the symbol's threefold nature is central to its meaning. the three worlds - earth, atmosphere, and heaven the three major Hindu gods - Brahma, Vishnu, and Siva the three sacred Vedic scriptures - Rg, Yajur, and Sama Om mystically embodies the essence of the entire universe. This meaning is further deepened by the Indian philosophical belief that God first created sound and the universe arose from it. As the most sacred sound, Om is the root of the universe and everything that exists and it continues to hold everything together. Reincarnation and Karma: Excerpts from Groundhog Day starring Bill Murray: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6VF5P7qLaEQ Buddhism Wheel of Dharma Who – Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha) Circle of Zen When – 500 BC Where – Northern India Holy Books - Tripitaka Major Divisions – Mahayana, Theravada Basic Beliefs Life is suffering, caused by wanting things, caused by ignorance. Reincarnation and karma “8-fold Path” allows escape to Nirvana Video http://ed.ted.com/lessons/the-five-majorworld-religions-john-bellaimey#review Quiz Discussion Essay