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Geschichte der USA Thomas Jefferson In 1803 Napoleon had enough of the New World after some heavy fighting in Haiti and a war with Britain again on the way. He offered all of Louisiana to the startled Americans for the ridiculously low price of $ 16 million. Boqueto de Woiseri, 1803 Napoleon Bonaparte The Battle of New Orleans, 1815 Andrew Jackson The Second War of American Independence Manifest Destiny Pacific John Gast, 1872 The Rockies Hudson River Oregon Trail 1st transcontinental railroad, 1869 Coast-to-coast telegraph line, 1861 Wild Indians wooden rail fences settlers Geschichte der USA Currier & Ives print, 1869 •1862 Pacific Railroad Act •Union Pacific (Irish immigrants) •Central Pacific (Chinese) •May 10, 1869 •Up to ten miles a day •1865: total of 35,000 miles of railroads •1900: 260,000 miles. Through line New York – San Francisco Currier & Ives print, 1884 Geschichte der USA 9 1 black men and women pick cotton 7 sugar cane field 2 cotton is transferred to large baskets 8 sugar cane turned into sugar 3 baskets are dumped into wagons 9 litograph from 1884 4 cotton is baled and marked Thirteen amendment ended slavery 5 shipped out on riverboats in 1865 6 overseer 5 8 7 3 6 4 1 2 Cotton Plantation on the Mississippi Geschichte der USA Battle of Antietam, Sept 1862 Lee‘s plan was to split Maryland off from the Union, take Washington D.C. and force the U.S. to accept the Confederacy an an independent nation. A solider from Indiana stumbled on a copy of Lee‘s plans,however. Became the bloodiest single day of fighting in the Civil War, some 21,000 soldiers being killed or wounded. General G.B.Mc Clellan General Robert E. Lee The destruction of Atlanta, Georgio Geschichte der USA Atlanta was the most important railroad center and manuacturing city in the South. It was of vital importance to the Confederacy. The city was surrounded by heavy fortifications some 12 miles in length. General William T.Sherman Reconstruction Romeo (Seward): "Courage, man; the hurt can not be much." Mercutio (Johnson): "No, 'tis not so deep as a well, nor so wide as a church-door; but 'tis enough, 'twill serve: ask for me to-morrow and you shall find me a grave man. I am pepper'd, I warrant, for this world:--A plague o' both your Houses." Geschichte der USA Johnson (Mercutio) has been fatally stabbed by two Congressional acts, the "Supreme Court Bill" and "Stanton Reinstated." Secretary of State William Seward (Romeo), a supporter of the president's policies, leans over to encourage his dying friend. Johnson bitterly wishes a plague on both houses (of Congress). In the background, in front of the Capitol, are (left to right): Secretary of War Edwin Stanton, General Ulysses S. Grant, and Senator Henry Wilson, chairman of the Senate Military Affairs Committee. In December 1865, the Republican Congress rejected President Johnson's lenient plan for the reconstruction of the former Confederate states within the Union. Over the next several months, Johnson vetoed Congressional legislation which sought to ensure the basic civil rights of black Americans. In the Congressional elections of November 1866, Republicans won a majority large enough to override any presidential vetoes, and in 1867 began enacting their own Reconstruction program, which relied on enforcement by the federal army and federal courts. Geschichte der USA Custer‘s Last Stand, Battle at the Little Big Horn River on June 25, 1876. Geschichte der USA In the spring and summer of 1876 the United States Government launched a military campaign upon a portion of the Sioux and Cheyenne Indians, who refused to live within the boundaries of the Great Sioux Reservation. They chose to continue their traditional nomadic way of life. The campaign was initiated when a Government ultimatum to return to the Great Sioux Reservation, in South Dakota, by January 31st, 1876 was ignored. Gen. Philip Sheridan responded by ordering three military expeditions to approach the gathering Indians from the East, West and South. The Army anticipated the off reservation Sioux and Cheyenne would be found in Eastern or South Central Montana Territory. As the military threat to these nomadic Sioux and Cheyenne developed, they began to gather for protection. Sitting Bull became the spiritual and political headman for the gathering village and remained so while it was together. A few weeks before the Battle, Sitting Bull conducted a Sun Dance during which he experienced a vision of a great victory over soldiers. Lt. Colonel George Armstrong Custer and 647 men of the 7th Cavalry, part of the eastern column, were ordered by General Terry, south along Rosebud Creek. Ahead of the main column, Custer's 6 Crow and 39 Arikara Indian Scouts found the massive village. In the Valley of the Little Bighorn River, the Seventh Cavalry and their Indian allies attacked the village of 6,000 to 7,000 people, on June 25th,1876. After the battle was over, 263 7th Cavalrymen lay dead, including George Custer. 350 7th Cavalrymen survived. An accurate of Bull the Sioux andGeneral Cheyenne dead was not possible, but at least 60 are known George A. Custer Chiefcount Sitting to have died. The Great Sioux War was an inevitable conflict similar to other 17th, 18th, and 19th century conflicts between Indians and non-Indians. All of the participants saw themselves as perhaps patriots-fighting for their country, land, or way of life. Sod house, Custer County, Nebraska Geschichte der USA Congress passed the Homestead Act in 1862. This federal law allowed anyone to receive up to 160 acres of public land. The only requirement was that the land be livedd on or cultivated for five years. After that, and the payment of a small fee ($10), the land belonged to the homesteader. Before 1862: 160 acres cost $200, which helped to cancel the national debt Squatter‘s rights Not everybody could afford £200 – low-paid laborers The new states that emerged – slave or free? Geschichte der USA Soddies are small houses with walls built of stacked layers of uniformly cut turf. The individual “bricks” of sod are held together by the thick network of roots that made preparing fields for planting so very difficult. Sod was cut with special plows, or by hand, with an ax and/or shovel. Roofs were made from timber, rough or planed, and covered with more sod. If timber was not available, roofs were built up with twigs, branches, bushes and straw. Soddies are practical and tough, but vulnerable. This building at Ash Hollow, Nebraska, was reconstructed in 1967 and is easily damaged when open-range cattle rub against the corners. Geschichte der USA The Monroe Doctrine We owe it, therefore, to candor and to the amicable relations existing between the United States and those powers to declare that we should consider any attempt on their part to extend their system to any portion of this hemisphere as dangerous to our peace and safety. With the existing colonies or dependencies of any European power we have not interfered and shall not interfere. But with the Governments who have declared their independence and maintained it, and whose independence we have, on great consideration and on just principles, acknowledged, we could not view any interposition for the purpose of oppressing them, or controlling in any other manner their destiny, by any European power in any other light than as the manifestation of an unfriendly disposition toward the United States. Geschichte der USA