Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
United States History Topic 2: Challenges in the Late 1800s (1865-1900) 2-1 – American Indians Under Pressure Key Terms Cultures Forced to Adapt Cultural Differences and Similarities – geography influenced the cultural diversity of Native Americans; one common thread was their view of nature, they saw themselves as part of nature and respected the natural world reservations – public lands where Native Americans were required to live by the federal government; forced migrations to reservations changed the demographic patterns of Native Americans buffalo hunters – in the 1870s, hunters would kill hundreds of buffalo a day for their hides, they skinned the animals and left the meat to rot; trainloads of tourists arrived to kill buffaloes purely for sport; as a result, Native Americans had a hard time meeting their basic needs Settlers and Native Americans Collide Manifest Destiny - the idea that the United States was destined, by God, to occupy territory spanning from the Atlantic to Pacific Oceans; white settler expansion caused Native Americans to lose more territory Sand Creek Massacre – 1864 incident in which Colorado militia attacked a camp of Cheyenne and Arapaho Indians, some of who were under U.S. Army protection Fort Laramie Treaty – 1868 agreement between the US government and several bands of the Sioux tribe; was an effort to pacify the Sioux The Indian Wars Conclude Sitting Bull – (c. 1831–1890) was a war chief and important spiritual leader who became the first-ever chief of all the Lakota Sioux bands in the 1860s; after surrendering to the Army in 1881, he lived on a reservation where he was killed by Indian police sent to arrest him. Battle of the Little Big Horn – 1876 battle in which the Sioux defeated U.S. Army troops; Custer and his force of about 250 men unexpectedly came upon a group of at least 2,000 Sioux and Cheyenne Warriors; Crazy Horse led the charge, killing all of Custer’s men Chief Joseph – (1840–1904) succeeded his father as chief of the Nez Percé in 1871; in 1877, he led a group of refugees on an unsuccessful attempt to avoid forced relocation; when he was stopped just short of the border of Canada, he said “I will fight no more forever” Wounded Knee – 1890 confrontation between U.S. cavalry and Sioux that marked the end of major Indian resistance to white expansion and resistance to the US government The Government Encourages Assimilation assimilation – absorbed into the main culture of a society; policy makers hoped that as the buffalo became extinct, Indians would become farmers and be assimilated into national life; Native Americans lost many of their traditions Dawes General Allotment Act – 1887 law that ended tribal landholding and divided reservation land into private family plots; encouraged Indians to own private property