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THE CIVIL WAR
American History I - Unit 8
Ms. Brown
Review
• MD, DE, KY, WV, and MO were considerd border states because they
were _______________ states that stayed in the Union.
• Slave
• What were the 3 parts of the Union’s Anaconda Plan to defeat the
Confederacy?
• Blockade southern ports
• Control MS River and divide Confederacy in half
• Capture Richmond – Confederate capital
• What new technologies revolutionized warfare in the Civil War?
• Ironclad ships, rifles, trenches, hand grenades, mines, telegraph
• The Battle of _____________ is considered the bloodiest single day
in US war history.
• Antietam
• Why did Lincoln fire McClellan as Commander of the Union Army?
• Too cautious – didn’t pursue Confederate forces after Antietam
8.6 – THE POLITICS OF
WAR
Foreign Aid?
• Confederacy believed Great Britain would help fight Union
 believed Great Britain couldn’t get cotton any where
else
• Great Britain declared neutrality.
• Found new cotton supplies
• “Old King Cotton’s dead and buried.”
• Union’s goals
• Maintain friendly international relations just in case
• Prevent the Confederacy from being officially recognized as
separate nation
Lincoln and Slavery
• Lincoln morally disagreed with slavery BUT didn’t believe
it was within the federal government’s power to abolish it
where it already existed.
“My paramount object in this
struggle is to save the Union,
and is not either to save or
destroy slavery.”
- Lincoln
Emancipation as a Weapon
• Confederacy used slaves to help with war effort… without
the slaves, they would be weaker
• Emancipation of southern slaves could be a weapon for
the Union.
• Slaves would rebel in Confederate states and possibly help Union
• Great Britain might agree to help Union because they believed in
abolition
Emancipation Proclamation
• January 1, 1863; freed all
slaves in Confederate states
not occupied by Union troops
• DID NOT emancipate slaves in
slave states still in the Union
• DID NOT emancipate slaves in
areas in the south occupied by
Union troops
• Allowed free blacks to enlist in
the Union army
Reactions to the Emancipation
Proclamation
• Symbolic importance
• Freed only a portion of slaves
• Gave the war a high moral purpose by turning the struggle into a
fight to free slaves
• Union – divided
• Northern Democrats - This will cause a prolonged war
• Not all northerners or Union soldiers were abolitionists, but
reluctantly supported it if it was going to save the Union
• Confederacy – outraged
• Became more devoted to fighting against the Union
The Reality of the Emancipation
Proclamation
Both Sides Faced Political Problems
• Neither side was completely unified during the Civil War.
• Union supporters in the Confederacy.
• Confederate supporters in the Union.
• How should the governments handle critics?
• How can each government ensure a steady supply of
men to fight in their armies?
Dealing with Dissent
• Dissent – disagreement, criticism
• Lincoln suspended habeas corpus during the Civil War.
• The right NOT to be held without evidence of a crime or the
possibility of a trial
• Guaranteed in the Constitution, however in times of national crisis,
presidents have been known to suspend it.
• Gave Union authorities to jail anyone without having to
actually charge them with a crime or give them a trial.
• Over 13,000 Confederate supporters were held in the Union
without a trial
• Copperheads were also held (Northern Democrats who urged
compromise with the Confederacy)
Drafting
• Most soldiers on both sides were
volunteers.
• Conscription –drafting of citizens to
serve in military
• Due to large numbers of death and
desertions (runaways)
• Confederacy – men 17-50
• exempt if you own more than 20 slaves or
could pay someone to take your place
“rich man’s war but a poor man’s fight”
• Union – men 20-45
• $300 to avoid or could pay someone to take
your place
NYC Draft Riots
• NYC – many poor, diseased, crowded into slums
• Immigrants did not want to be drafted
• Couldn’t pay to avoid service
• Didn’t want to free slaves – competition for low paying jobs
• July 13-16, 1863 – rioters attacked…
• draft offices, Republican newspaper offices
• homes of anti-slavery leaders
• rich white men on the street (looked like they could afford to avoid
service)
• blacks
• Ended by federal troops  over 100 died
NYC Draft Riots