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Download Reconstruction - Ms. Zizzo and Mr. Ardis` US History
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Transcript
Aim: Should Reconstruction be considered a success or a failure? Rewind Review • Civil War ended • Emancipation of slaves • Broke & decimated south • Huge life loss on both sides What now? Strengthened the power of the federal government over the states Question of how to heal/reconstruct the war torn nation End of slavery with passage of the 13th Amendment RESULTS OF THE CIVIL WAR South is socially and economically weakened = rise of the New South Question of what to do with the freed African Americans Reconstruction • The period following the Civil War, when the nation was trying to rebuild. Key Questions 1. How do we bring the South back into the Union? 2. How do we rebuild the South after its destruction during the war? 4. What branch of government should control the process of Reconstruction? 3. How do we integrate and protect newlyemancipated black freedmen? Freedman’s Bureau •Freedman’s Bureau was created by Congress. •provided food, housing and medical aid, established schools and offered legal assistance. •attempted to settle former slaves on Confederate lands confiscated or abandoned during the war. Freedmen’s Bureau Seen Through Southern Eyes Plenty to eat and nothing to do. Black Codes •designed to restrict freed blacks’ rights and ensure their availability as a labor force •Ex: • Race was defined by blood; the presence of any amount of black blood made one black. •Employment was required of all freedmen; violators faced vagrancy charges. •Freedmen could not assemble without the presence of a white person. •Freedmen were assumed to be agricultural workers and their duties and hours were tightly regulated. •Freedmen were not to be taught to read or write •.Public facilities were segregated. •Violators of these laws were subject to being whipped or branded. Military Reconstruction Act • divided the south into five military districts • Each district was placed under military leadership • new elections were held with voting only allowed by Congress' approved voters • Each state was also required to ratify the 13th and 14th Amendments. • new public officials had to pledge their loyalty to the Union Scalawags ►White southerners who worked with Republicans and supported Reconstruction Carpetbaggers ►Northerners moving into the South ►Became involved in politics Changes in the South – Ku Klux Klan (KKK) -- formed by white southerners to help them regain power & to keep African Americans and White Republicans out of office. – Sharecroppers: person who farms land owned by another in exchange for a share of the crops The “Invisible Empire of the South” Compromise of 1877 • prompted by the disputed presidential election of 1876 • marked the end of Reconstruction in the South and a return to "Home Rule”. • Republican Party candidate, Rutherford Hayes, would become the next president and that the Democrats would regain political power in the southern state governments. Jim Crow Laws ►Southern states create laws to segregate public space ►Limited voting rights by: Poll tax, Grandfather Clause, Literacy tests Plessy v. Ferguson= Separate but equal • Establishes the precedent that SEPERATE facilities for whites and blacks is ok as long as they are EQUAL in quality. Aim: Should Reconstruction be considered a success or a failure? Do Now: Chart in Notes (8 mins) Homework: Key Question How do we bring the South back into the Union? How do we rebuild the South after its destruction during the war? How do we integrate and protect newlyemancipated black freedmen? What branch of government should control the process of Reconstruction? Your Answer Did any reconstruction plan address this Q? Activity: Reconstruction Plans Jigsaw: •You will be assigned 1 of 3 different reconstruction plans. •Individually you will have 10 minutes to read the source and complete the graphic organizer. •You will be placed into groups of 3, where you will have 15 minutes in order to PRESENT your plan to the group. All members are responsible for a completed packet. •The class will review the plans and complete the chart from the do now. (12 minutes) Key Question How do we bring the South back into the Union? How do we rebuild the South after its destruction during the war? How do we integrate and protect newlyemancipated black freedmen? What branch of government should control the process of Reconstruction? Your Answer Did any reconstruction plan address this Q?
