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The Union in Peril
Chapter 10
Western Territory and slavery
 Wilmot Proviso
 Plan to outlaw slavery in territory gained from Mexico
(proposed by David Wilmot from PA)
 Southerners thought the plan would threaten slavery
everywhere, and thus their way of life, culture, and economy
 Popular sovereignty
 The idea that allowed people in the territory to decided for
themselves whether they wanted to be a slave state or free state
 Free soil party
 Opposed slavery in the free soil of the western territory.
 Free soil, free speech, free labor, free men
California
 Forty-niners
 Refers to the mass of people (80,000) who moved to California
in search of Gold
 Chaos and violence convinced people of California that they
needed strong govt. led to them applying for statehood
 Southern states threatened to seceded from the union if
California was admitted
Compromise of 1850 Terms
 California admitted as a free state
 Popular sovereignty to determine slavery in Arizona and New
Mexico
 Slave Trade abolished in D.C.
 New fugitive slave law -
Response to the Compromise
 Fugitive Slave Act
 Runaway slaves had to be returned to owner
 Citizens had to assist in the capture of runaway slaves
 Anyone convicted in helping slaves would be fined
$1000 and serve 6 mo. in jail for every slave they
helped escape.
 Northerners response?
 They resented it. Made most northerners sympathize
even more with slaves
H.B. Stowe and UTC
 Uncle Tom’s Cabin
 Popular book written by Harriet Beecher Stowe in 1852.
 Stowe and her family were outspoken abolitionists
 Stirred up strong antislavery emotions among readers.
 Abe Lincoln one time introduced her as the little lady who
started the Civil War.
Bleeding Kansas
 The Kansas-Nebraska Act
 Stated that the issue of slavery would be decided by popular
sovereignty in these territories.
 This was a violation of the Missouri Compromise
 Both anti slavery and pro slavery factions raced out to these
territories to sway the votes into their favor.
 Sack of Lawrence and The Pottawatomie massacre were
conflicts between pro and anti slavery factions.
 These factions clashed and 200 people died and about 2
million dollars of property had been destroyed.
Violence in Congress
 Charles Sumner, a senator from Mass, delivered a speech in
which he insulted Andrew Butler (from SC) and Southern
culture
 Butler’s cousin, Preston Brooks, beat Sumner with a golden
cane, severely injuring the senator from Mass.
The Dredd Scott Case
 Dredd Scott was a slave whose master had taken him to live
in a free territory before returning back to Missouri.
 He took his case to the Supreme Court saying he was free
since he lived in a free territory
 What did the court rule?
 Fed. Govt. cannot prohibit slavery in these territories
 The Missouri Compromise was thus unconstitutional
The Underground Railroad
 A network of people and places that aided in the escaping of
southern slaves
 Harriet Tubman
 Was one of the leaders of the Underground railroad
 Nicknamed Black Moses
Lincoln Douglas Debates
 Lincoln challenged Douglas to a debate b/c they were
running against each other for an Illinois senate seat (job)
 Slavery took center stage in the debates
 Although he lost the race, Lincoln gained a lot of recognition
 Freeport doctrine
 Douglas proposed this plan during the debates, which said that
people could keep slavery out of their territories by refusing to pass
laws needed to regulate and enforce slavery.
John Brown and Harpers Ferry
 John Brown led a rebellion against slaveholders
in which he tried to arm slaves. He tried to steal
the weapons from the Federal arsenal in Virginia
(Harpers Ferry)
The election of 1860
 Republican Abraham Lincoln from Illinois wins the election
of 1860
 Southerners were split over who they wanted as Pres.
(Douglas, Breckinridge, and Bell)
Southern response?
 Feb. 1861 7 Deep south states secede from the Union.
 Why? B/c with the election of a Republican President, it
seemed Southern society and culture were at stake.
 A lot of Republicans were abolitionists.
Forming the Confederacy
 Each state independent
 Slavery guaranteed
 Banned protective tariffs
 Pres. To serve one 6 yr. Term
 Southern states met in Montgomery and formed the
confederacy.
 SC, GA, AL, MS. LA, TX
 Jefferson Davis
The fighting starts at Ft. Sumter
 Confederates decide to take a Federal fort which was located in
Southern territory.
 Wasn’t much of a fight. No one actually died
 Did signal the beginning of the CIVIL WAR
 Lincoln response
 He responded by calling for 75,000 volunteers to put down the
Southern rebellion militarily
 That led to more states seceding (VA, ARK,NC,TN)
Causes of the Civil War
Causes
Kansas Nebraska Act
Dredd Scott
John Brown’s raid
Southern states secede
Conf. Takes Ft. Sumter
Day 1
What famous (and brief) speech of November 19, 1863,
began, “Fourscore and seven years ago our fathers brought
forth. . .”? Who made the speech
In Class Schedule
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Notes (QS 1-7)
Calhoun handout
Free Reading – SSR
Homework
Day 2
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What style of facial hair is named for a Union general in the
Civil War?
In Class Schedule
 Notes (QS 8-14)
 Stowe Handout
 Uncle Tom’s Cabin Reading
 Kansas Political Cartoon
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Homework
Day 3
 "We judge ourselves by our motives and others by their
actions"
 In Class Schedule
 Notes (QS 15-18)
 Underground RR interactive game
 Dredd Scott handout
 Free Reading – SSR
 Homework
Day 4
 “One sees great things from the valley only small thing from
the peaks” In Class Schedule
 Notes (QS 19-29)
 Graphic Organizer
 Homework
Day 5
 What president’s tomb in Arlington cemetery is marked with
an eternal flame?
 In Class Schedule
 Review
 Free Reading – SSR
 Ch 10 Test
 Start Gettysburg movie
 Homework
Day 6
 Ask not what can my country do for me but rather what can I
do for my country”- J.F.K
 In Class Schedule
 Gettysburg movie
 Free Reading – SSR
 Homework