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HOLT The American Nation IN THE MODERN ERA Chapter 3 THE CIVIL WAR Section 1: The Union Dissolves Section 2: The North and South Face Off Section 3: Fighting the War Section 4: The Final Phase 1 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON HOLT The American Nation IN THE MODERN ERA Section 4: The Final Phase Objectives: What were the results of the Battle of Gettysburg? Why was the Union victory at Vicksburg significant? What was General Grant’s strategy in the summer of 1864? What were the strategy and tactics of General Sherman? What were the terms of the surrender at Appomattox? 2 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON HOLT The American Nation IN THE MODERN ERA Section 4: The Final Phase The Battle of Gettysburg Lee was forced to retreat back to Virginia. The Union army gained confidence that the Confederate army could be beaten. Casualties numbered more than 50,000 in three days of fighting. Lincoln delivered the Gettysburg Address when the battlefield was dedicated as a cemetery. 3 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON HOLT The American Nation IN THE MODERN ERA Section 4: The Final Phase Vicksburg Combined with the fall of Port Hudson, Louisiana, victory at Vicksburg gave the Union complete control of the Mississippi River. The city’s fall cut off Arkansas, Louisiana, and Texas from the rest of the Confederacy. 4 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON HOLT The American Nation IN THE MODERN ERA Section 4: The Final Phase Grant’s strategy take advantage of the North’s soldiers and supplies keep fighting despite losses fight a war of attrition 5 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON HOLT The American Nation IN THE MODERN ERA Section 4: The Final Phase Sherman’s tactics and strategy waged total war destroyed economic resources spread demoralization burned Atlanta and captured Savannah 6 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON HOLT The American Nation IN THE MODERN ERA Section 4: The Final Phase Terms of surrender All soldiers would be fed. Confederate officers could keep their side arms. Soldiers could keep their horses and mules. Rebels would not be tried for treason. 7 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON