Download VUS 6c and includes VUS 7 a,b,& c.

Events Leading to the
Civil War
VUS.6c, 7a-c
Issues dividing the nation
 Economic
Divisions
–The Northern states
developed an
industrial economy
based on
manufacturing.
 The
North favored a high
protective tariff to protect
Northern manufacturers from
foreign competition.
 The
Southern states developed an
agricultural economy consisting of
a slavery based system of
plantations in the lowlands along
the Atlantic and in the Deep South.
 Small
subsistence farmers lived in the
foothills and valleys of the
Appalachian Mountains.
 The
South strongly opposed high
tariffs because it increased the price
of imported manufactured goods
which they needed.
Slavery and States’ Rights
 As
the US expanded westward, the
conflict over slavery grew more
bitter and threatened to tear the
country apart.
 The
abolitionist
movement (the
movement to
abolish slavery),
grew in the North.
It was led by
William Lloyd
Garrison and New
England ministers.
was the publisher of The
Liberator , an antislavery
newspaper.
 Garrison
 Religious
leaders saw slavery as a
violation of Christian principles
 Harriet
Beecher
Stowe, wife of a
New England
clergyman, wrote
Uncle Tom’s
Cabin, a best
selling novel that
inflamed Northern
abolitionist
sentiment.
 Southerners
were frightened by the
growing strength of Northern
abolitionism.
 Slave
revolts in Virginia, led by Nat
Turner and Gabriel Prosser, fed
white Southern fears about slave
rebellions and led to harsh laws in the
South against fugitives.
 Southerners
who favored
abolition were intimidated into
silence.
 The
admission of new states led to
conflicts over whether the new states
would allow slavery (slave states) or
prohibit slavery (free states). Many
compromises were struck to keep a
balance of power.
Missouri
(1820)
Compromise
–drew an east-west line through the
Louisiana Purchase, with slavery
prohibited above the line and
allowed below the line. Slavery was
allowed in Missouri (most of
Missouri was above the line)
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Compromise
of 1850
–California entered as a free state,
while the new territories acquired
from Mexico (Mexican War) would
decide on their own
Kansas-Nebraska
(1854)
Act
–repealed the Missouri Compromise
by giving the people of Kansas and
Nebraska the choice whether to
allow slavery in their states
(popular sovereignty)
–This law produced bloody fighting in
Kansas as pro- and anti- slavery
forces battled each other.
– It also led to the birth of the
Republican party that year to
oppose the spread of slavery.
 Southerners
argued that individual
states could nullify laws passed by
Congress.
 They
also began to insist that states
had entered the Union freely and
could leave (secede) freely if they
chose.
Scott v Sanford
 Dred
Scott was a slave who sued for
his freedom.
 The
Supreme Court ruled against
Scott because he was a slave and
therefore could not sue
 It
further stated that slaves were
property and you could not deny a
citizen his property
Scott v Sanford
 The
Dred Scott
decision by the
Supreme Court
overturned efforts to
limit the spread of
slavery and outraged
Northerners
 Abraham
Lincoln, who had joined
the new Republican Party, and
Stephen Douglas, a Northern
Democrat, conducted numerous
debates when running for US Senate
in Illinois in 1858.
Douglas
argued for
popular
sovereignty.
Lincoln opposed
the SPREAD
of slavery
 Enforcement
of the harsh Fugitive
Slave Act, which required slaves
who had escaped to be forcibly
returned to their owners in the
South, further angered the North
 Lincoln
warned, “A house divided
against itself cannot stand.” The
nation could not continue half-free
and half-slave. The issue must be
resolved.
Preston Brooks of SC attacks Charles Sumner of MA in Sept. 1856
Women’s suffrage movement
 At
the same time the abolitionist
movement grew, a new reform
movement took root, to give equal
rights to women.
Seneca
Falls Declaration
(Declaration of
Sentiments)--called for
women to gain the right to
vote and other rights
 Elizabeth
Cady Stanton and Susan
B. Anthony were the leaders of the
movement. They also were involved
in the abolitionist movement and
other social reform movements both
before and after the Civil War.
Susan B. Anthony
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
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Civil War
Civil War -- major events
Election
of 1860
Ft. Sumter
Emancipation Proclamation
Gettysburg
Appomattox
Election of 1860
 Lincoln
won the election despite only
controlling 40% of the popular vote
 South
Carolina will secede (leave the
union) in Dec. 1860 followed by six
other “deep” south states
Lincoln -- 17
Others -- 16
Lincoln – 39.9%
Others – 60.1%
Lincoln – 180
Others --123
Key leaders
Abraham
Lincoln-President of the
US, insisted the
country must
be held
together
 Ulysses
S.
Grant--Union
military
commander,
defeated the
South after
other
commanders
failed
 Robert
E.
Lee—Virginian,
fought for the
South, General
of the Army of
Northern
Virginia
 Lee
opposed secession, but did
not believe the union should be
held together by force and could
not fight against his native
Virginia
Frederick
Douglass
 former
slave who
became
prominent black
abolitionist.
 Douglass
urged Lincoln to recruit
former slaves to fight in the Union
army
Battle of Ft. Sumter
 First
official battle of the Civil War
 Union
fort in Charleston harbor
bombarded by the Confederates for
two days before they surrendered.
 Lincoln
calls for volunteers to fight the
South and four more Southern states
seceded.
Battle of Bull Run
 First
major fighting on land of the
Civil War. The South wins a
shockingly easy victory. They could
have won the war if they had been
more organized.
 North
realizes it will be a long war
Battle of Antietam
 Lee’s
first attempt to invade the
North.
 He
wanted to show foreign countries
he could win in the North.
 He
will be defeated and the Union will
claim their first major victory in the
East.
Emancipation Proclamation
 Issued
after the Battle of Antietam
(first union victory in the East)
 Freed
those slaves located in
“REBELLING” states only
 Officially
made the destruction of
slavery a Union war goal
 discouraged
foreign interference
Battle of Gettysburg
 Lee’s
second attempt to attack in the
North. Lee will be badly beaten and
his army will be on the defensive the
rest of the war.
 Combined
with the Battle of Vicksburg
to be the TURNING POINT OF THE
CIVIL WAR
Gettysburg Address
 Issued
by Lincoln after the battle of
Gettysburg
 He
described the Civil War as a
struggle to preserve a nation that was
dedicated to the proposition that “all
men are created equal”
 and
that was ruled by a government
“of the people, by the people, and for
the people.”
 Lincoln
believed America was “one
nation,” not a collection of sovereign
states.
 Southerners
believed that states had
freely joined the Union and could
freely leave
Mr. Munford had a video here….
you could insert one, or delete this frame.
Appomattox
 Grant
will finally cut off Lee’s army’s
escape route and Lee will surrender to
Grant in April 1865.
END OF THE WAR.
Reconstruction
Lincoln—Before and After
Political effects of the Civil War
 Lincoln’s
view that the US was one
nation, indivisible, had prevailed.
 Lincoln
believed that since secession
was illegal, Confederate governments
were illegitimate and the states had
never really left the union.
 He
believed that Reconstruction was a
matter of quickly restoring legitimate
state governments that were loyal to
the Union in the South.
 Lincoln
also believed that since the
war was over, to reunify the nation
the federal government should not
punish the South but act “with malice
towards none, with charity for all…to
bind up the nation’s wounds…”
 The
assassination of Lincoln just a
few days after Lee’s surrender
enabled Radical Republicans to
influence Reconstruction.
Radical Reconstruction
 The
Radicals were much more
punitive towards the former
Confederate states. The states were
not put immediately back into the
Union but were forced into military
occupation by the North.
 Radical
Republicans also believed in
aggressively guaranteeing voting and
other civil rights to African Americans.
They clashed repeatedly with Lincoln’s
successor as President, Andrew
Johnson, over the issue of civil rights
for freed slaves.
Andrew Johnson
 The
Radicals in Congress will
eventually impeach Johnson.
 They
will fail to remove Johnson
from office by one vote on each
charge.
Civil War Amendments
 Thirteenth
Amendment--slavery
was abolished permanently in the
United States
 Fourteenth
Amendment--States
were prohibited from denying equal
rights under the law to any American
Fifteenth Amendment--Voting
rights were guaranteed regardless of
“race, color, or previous condition of
servitude” (former slaves)
Election of 1876
 Democrats
have first
legitimate
chance to win
a National
Election since
1860
Election of 1876
Rutherford Hayes
Samuel Tilden
 Hayes
won and Tilden won because
there were two sets of results.
A
compromise will give Hayes the
election in exchange for removing the
troops from the South.
Compromise of 1877
1.
Hayes became president
2.
Troops removed from the South
3.
Democrat put in the President’s
cabinet
4.
Transcontinental Railroad built in the
South
Jim Crow Era
 Compromise
of 1877 ended
Reconstruction
 Allowed
former confederates who
were Democrats to regain control of
political power in the South
 Began
the “Jim Crow Era” in which
African Americans in the South
were denied the full rights of
American citizenship.
Economic and social impact of the
Civil War
 The
Southern states were left
embittered and devastated by the
war. Farms, railroads, and factories
had been destroyed throughout the
South, and the cities of Richmond and
Atlanta lay in ruins
Savannah
Atlanta
Dead at Chancellorsville
Destruction in Richmond
 The
South would remain a backward,
agricultural-based economy and the
poorest section of the nation for
many decades afterward.
 The
North and Midwest emerged with
strong and growing industrial
economies, laying the foundation for
the sweeping industrialization of the
nation (other than the South) in the
next half-century.
 The
United States will emerge as a
global economic power by the
beginning of the 20th century.