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Nation Tears Apart Northerners opinion of slavery Abolitionists believe slavery is unjust and should end immediately Many northerners saw slavery as an economic threat because slaves were not paid Northerners did not believe in slavery but many were still racist Most northerners were not abolitionists The Wilmot Proviso Proposed bill that said slavery should be outlawed in any territory the United States gets from the War with Mexico House of Representatives passed it Senate did not pass it Bill never became a law Southerners begin to worry that slavery will be ended someday. Compromise of 1850 Replaced Missouri Compromise Would California be free or slave? California would be a free state and slave trade would end in Washington, D.C. Congress would not pass laws about slavery for the rest of the land gained from Mexico Congress passed a stronger law to help slaveholders capture runaway slaves Fugitive Slave Act Law to help slaveholders capture runaway slaves Northerners had to help owners capture runaway slaves or they would be fined Northerners who helped runaway slaves faced jail time Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854 Law that established the territories of Kansas and Nebraska Allowed residents to decide whether their territory was free or slave- popular sovereignty Bleeding Kansas • • • • Illustration of a Gunfight on Horseback by G.H. Hayes Pre-Civil War illustration depicting a gun fight from "Bleeding Kansas," a war fought in the 1850's between abolitionists and slavery advocates for control of the territory of Kansas. Image: © Bettmann/CORBIS Location Information: Kansas, USA 8 • Both sides send people to Kansas to vote Slavery forces win vote, antislavery forces set up their own government Fighting! John Brown – Hacked 5 men to death (never punished) Effect Leads to informal civil war Slavery in Politics Republican party forms because the Whig party was split over slavery. Republicans formed in the north and were opponents of slavery Uncle Tom’s Cabin • • • Bestseller written by Harriet Beecher Stowe Made evils of slavery understandable to regular people Won hearts and minds of Northerners and people in England and France Lincoln and Douglas Debate Abraham Lincoln (Republican) challenged Stephen Douglas (Democrat) to a debate for the U.S. Senate Lincoln said slavery was “a moral, a social, and a political wrong” but he did not call for slavery to be abolished. He said it should not spread. Lincoln lost election but became a national figure Harper’s Ferry John Brown- an extreme abolitionist, planned to capture weapons and give them to slaves. He wanted to inspire slaves to fight for freedom Brown and 18 followers capture the arsenal and kill 4 people in the raid. He sent word for slaves to rally. None did. He was captured by Federal troops, tried found guilty and hanged Brown became a hero to abolitionists. John Brown Extreme Abolitionist who led an attempt to get guns to slaves. Was captured by Federal troops, tried and hanged. Dred Scott Decision • Newspaper About Dred Scott Decision A copy of Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper has a front page story on the Supreme Court anti-abolitionist Dred Scott Decision of 1857. The story includes illustrations of Dred Scott and his family. Image: © CORBIS Date Created: ca. 1857 14 Dred Scott, a slave, is brought to MN where slavery isn't allowed • He sues, saying he should be free • Supreme Court rules 1) slaves are not citizens so cannot sue 2) slaves are property so can be brought to any state • Northerners turn more to abolitionism Election of 1860 Southern states threaten to secede, or leave, the Union if Lincoln wins presidency Lincoln wins December 20, 1860- South Carolina is first state to secede from the Union Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas all secede They form the Confederate States of America