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The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 • At the beginning of the war • Lincoln quick military action to show the folly to the south of Succession The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 • Bull Run (First Battle at Manassas) 90 day war • Victory would show the superiority of the Union The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 • And the capturing of the confederate capital of Richmond The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 • Spectators lined the route to the battle • North was confident of a victory The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 • Stonewall Jackson held the union at bay • Reinforcement from the south allowed Jackson and the south drive out the union forces Stonewall Jackson The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 • South victory caused volunteers to decline • It also proved to the north that this was not going to be a short war The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 • In 1861 General George B McClellan was given command of Army of Potomac The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 • He planned a waterborne attack (Pensacola Campaign) • In 1862 McClellan captured Yorktown The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 • Came within sight of Richmond and attacked Jackson’s army • Lee launched a counter attack The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 • Became the Seven Days Battle June 26 to July 2 1862 drove the union forces back to the sea The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 • Two more factors the resulted from the Peninsula campaign 1. Lincoln began to draft the Emancipation Proclamation The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 • 2. Union turned to a total war strategy The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 • Union strategy became • 1. Slowly suffocated the South by blockading its coasts The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 • 2. Liberate the slaves and undermine the economic foundation of the south • 3. Cut the Confederacy in half by seizing control of the Mississippi River The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 • 4. Dismember the Confederacy by sending troops through Georgia, and Carolinas The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 • 5. Capture Richmond • 6. Try everywhere to engage the enemies strength and grind it inot submission The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 • Northern Blockade focused on principal ports The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 • In order to combat blockade ships were built to run blockade The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 • First were fast ships that out ran blockade • Confederates then built the Merrimac (Virginia) The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 • Wooden ship covered with metal plates • The Merrimac became the biggest threat to the blockade The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 • Crash through wooden ships • March 9 1862 Monitor (Union ironclad ship) The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 • Met and battle became a standstill • However the fear of the Peninsula campaign the Confederates destroyed the Merrimac The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 • On land Lee has crushed McClellan's forces at Richmond Lee moved Northward • Second Bull Run August 29-30 The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 • Second Battle of Bull Run August 29-30 1862 • Lee defeated General Popes’ forces The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 • After the victory at Second Bull Run Lee decided to invade the Union in Maryland The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 • Lee’s objective was to inspire the border states to rise up against the the north and join the COnfederacy The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 • As Lee moved into Maryland he met McClellan's forces at Antietam The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 • September 17, 1862 • McClellan stopped Lee forces after finding the battle plans of Lee The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 • McClellan constantly refused to attack was insubordinate to Lincoln was finally dismissed by Lincon The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 • The victory or stalemate at Antietam gave Lincoln the backing to issue the Emancipation Proclamation The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 • Lincoln now made an added incentive to win the war a moral cause • It also was the pivotal point or battle that convinced The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 • England and France would stay out of the war and strengthen the diplomatic position of the US to Europe The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 • The Emancipation Proclamation did nothing to free the slaves (it only freed slaves that were in rebellion against the US) • It was not enforced The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 • Lincoln feared that if enforced border states would secede • It also destroyed any chance of a negotiated settlement to end war The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 • Blacks now were able to enlist in the Union Army The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 • The Confederacy did not enlists slaves until one month before the war ended The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 • Lee and Gettysburg • New commander of Union was General Burnside The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 • Before Gettysburg Confederacy had routed Burnside at Fredericksburg • He was replaced General Hooker The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 • Hooker was defeated by Lee forces at Chancellorsville • At Chancellorsville Stonewall Jackson was shot and mortally wounded The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 • Tremendous loss to Lee and South • Gettysburg became the final charge by Lee The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 • The armies met at Gettysburg July 1-3 • Series of Battles with the decisive battle on July 3 Pickett’s Charge was repelled The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 • After defeat of Confederate army at Gettysburg all hope for a Confederate victory were gone The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 • The War in West • Vicksburg fell July 4 1863 • Grant was in charge at Vicksburg The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 • The importance of Vicksburg • Opened Mississippi river to Northern trade The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 • No foreign help from Europe • Quell peace agitation • Cut off supply of cattle and other goods The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 • From Texas and Louisiana The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 • Grant defeated South at Chattanooga and Tennessee was clear of Confederates The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 • Sherman's march on South • Captured Atlanta • Main reasons for march through south The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 • Destroy supply lines of South by destroying transportation system • Destroy morale of south by destroying homes The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 • Captured Savannah Ga. • And South Carolina by end of 1864 • Despite the charge and carnage lives were saved by shortening of war The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 • Critics of Lincoln in own party • Led by Secretary of Treasury Salmon Chase The Furnace of Civil War 1861-186 • Congressional Committee on the Conduct of the War • Radical Republicans resented the expansion of presidential power during war time The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 • And were pressing Lincoln on quicker emancipation The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 • Peace Democrats after Stephen Douglas death Democrats were split • Peace democrats were not supportive of Lincoln and most dangerous to the union The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 • Copperheads radical peace Democrats • Republicans joined Pro war democrats and formed union party The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 • Election of 1864 • Fearing defeat Republicans joined War Democrats to form Union party The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 • VP Andrew Johnson was chosen as a running mate for Lincoln (War Democrat) • Democrats selected and Copperheads chose The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 • George B McClellan • Lincoln’s reelection was the final blow to the South • They believed that if Lincoln was defeated The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 • The south may have had a chance for victory • For Lincolns chances of winning the capture of Atlanta and Mobile Ala. were critical The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 • Grant is put in place as commandeer of Union troops to begin final assult on South The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 • Grant engaged in a series of Battles (Wilderness Campaign) • Grant ordered a frontal assault on Cold Harbor The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 • Grant was willing to accept 2 union lives for every Confederate loss • Grant’s had more weapons at his disposal and held on The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 • He then went on to capture Richmond • All was lost • Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomatax The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 • Effetely ending the Civil War The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 • Lincoln Assassination • Many enemies • Not only conspiracy to assassinate President The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 • But Secretary of War • And Vice President Johnson The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 • Lincoln went to Ford’s theater Ulysses S Grant was invited but declined • As the play progressed The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 • John Wilkes Booth snuck up the theater • He had performed there many times as an actor The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 • Snuck up behind the president fired a single shot into the president’s head The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 • At the same time another assassin attacked the Secretary of war stabbed him but the wounds were not fatal The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 • Andrew Johnson assassin got drunk and chickened out The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865 The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865