Download Competency Goal 3: Crisis, Civil War and Reconstruction

Competency Goal 3:
Crisis, Civil War and Reconstruction (1848-1877) The learner will analyze the issues that
the Civil War, the effects of the war, and the impact
of Reconstruction on the nation.
3.01 Essential Question
• How did political, economic, and social
differences develop into the sectionalism
that split the North and the South?
Vocabulary
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Know-Nothings
Abolitionist movement
Slave codes
Underground Railroad
Harriet Tubman
Free Soil Party
Compromise of 1850
Popular Sovereignty
Fugitive Slave Act
Harriet Beecher Stowe
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Kansas-Nebraska Act
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Bleeding Kansas
Republican Party
Brooks-Sumner Incident
Dred Scott v. Sanford
(1857)
• Lincoln-Douglas Debates
• Freeport Doctrine
• John Brown and Harpers
Ferry
Top Five Causes of the Civil War
Leading up to Secession and the Civil War
By Martin Kelly, About.com Guide
• 1. Economic and social differences between the North and the
South.
• With Eli Whitney's invention of the cotton gin in 1793, cotton became
very profitable. This machine was able to reduce the time it took to
separate seeds from the cotton. However, at the same time the
increase in the number of plantations willing to move from other
crops to cotton meant the greater need for a large amount of cheap
labor, i.e. slaves. Thus, the southern economy became a one crop
economy, depending on cotton and therefore on slavery. On the
other hand, the northern economy was based more on industry than
agriculture. In fact, the northern industries were purchasing the raw
cotton and turning it into finished goods. This disparity between the
two set up a major difference in economic attitudes. The South was
based on the plantation system while the North was focused on city
life. This change in the North meant that society evolved as people
of different cultures and classes had to work together. On the other
hand, the South continued to hold onto an antiquated social order.
• 2. States versus federal rights.
• Since the time of the Revolution, two camps emerged: those
arguing for greater states rights and those arguing that the
federal government needed to have more control. The first
organized government in the US after the American Revolution
was under the Articles of Confederation. The thirteen states
formed a loose confederation with a very weak federal
government. However, when problems arose, the weakness of
this form of government caused the leaders of the time to come
together at the Constitutional Convention and create, in secret,
the US Constitution. Strong proponents of states rights like
Thomas Jefferson and Patrick Henry were not present at this
meeting. Many felt that the new constitution ignored the rights
of states to continue to act independently. They felt that the
states should still have the right to decide if they were willing to
accept certain federal acts. This resulted in the idea of
nullification, whereby the states would have the right to rule
federal acts unconstitutional. The federal government denied
states this right. However, proponents such as John C.
Calhoun fought vehemently for nullification. When nullification
would not work and states felt that they were no longer
respected, they moved towards secession.
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3. The fight between Slave and Non-Slave State Proponents.
As America began to expand, first with the lands gained from the
Louisiana Purchase and later with the Mexican War, the question of
whether new states admitted to the union would be slave or free. The
Missouri Compromise passed in 1820 made a rule that prohibited
slavery in states from the former Louisiana Purchase the latitude 36
degrees 30 minutes north except in Missouri. During the Mexican War,
conflict started about what would happen with the new territories that
the US expected to gain upon victory. David Wilmot proposed the
Wilmot Proviso in 1846 which would ban slavery in the new lands.
However, this was shot down to much debate. The Compromise of
1850 was created by Henry Clay and others to deal with the balance
between slave and free states, northern and southern interests. One of
the provisions was the fugitive slave act that was discussed in number
one above. Another issue that further increased tensions was the
Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854. It created two new territories that would
allow the states to use popular sovereignty to determine whether they
would be free or slave. The real issue occurred in Kansas where
proslavery Missourians began to pour into the state to help force it to
be slave. They were called "Border Ruffians." Problems came to a
head in violence at Lawrence Kansas. The fighting that occurred
caused it to be called "Bleeding Kansas." The fight even erupted on
the floor of the senate when antislavery proponent Charles Sumner
was beat over the head by South Carolina's Senator Preston Brooks.
• 4. Growth of the Abolition Movement.
• Increasingly, the northerners became more polarized
against slavery. Sympathies began to grow for
abolitionists and against slavery and slaveholders. This
occurred especially after some major events including:
the publishing of Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's
Cabin, the Dred Scott Case, John Brown's Raid, and the
passage of the fugitive slave act that held individuals
responsible for harboring fugitive slaves even if they
were located in non-slave states.
• 5. The election of Abraham Lincoln.
• Even though things were already coming to a head,
when Lincoln was elected in 1860, South Carolina
issued its "Declaration of the Causes of Secession."
They believed that Lincoln was anti-slavery and in favor
of Northern interests. Before Lincoln was even president,
seven states had seceded from the Union: South
Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia,
Louisiana, and Texas.
Quiz
Pick 5
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Know-Nothings
Abolitionist movement
Slave codes
Underground Railroad
Harriet Tubman
Free Soil Party
Compromise of 1850
Popular Sovereignty
Fugitive Slave Act
Harriet Beecher Stowe
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Kansas-Nebraska Act
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•
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Bleeding Kansas
Republican Party
Brooks-Sumner Incident
Dred Scott v. Sanford
(1857)
• Lincoln-Douglas Debates
• Freeport Doctrine
• John Brown and Harpers
Ferry
Objective 3.02
• Analyze and assess the causes of the Civil
War
– Manufacturing vs. Agriculture
– Tariff Question
– Extension of Slavery
– Immigration
– Election of 1860
– Constitutionality of Secession
– Fort Sumpter
Election of 1860
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Candidates
Electoral Vote
Popular Vote
Election Map
Map of Secession
Fort Sumpter
Lincoln's Inaugural Address
• I have no purpose, directly or indirectly, to interfere with
the institution of slavery in the States where it exists. I
believe I have no lawful right to do so, and I have no
inclination to do so.
• We are not enemies, but friends. We must not be
enemies. Though passion may have strained it must not
break our bonds of affection. The mystic chords of
memory, stretching from every battlefield and patriot
grave to every living heart and hearthstone all over this
broad land, will yet swell the chorus of the Union, when
again touched, as surely they will be, by the better
angels of our nature.
Jefferson Davis Inauguration
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Sustained by a consciousness that our transition from the former
Union to the present Confederacy has not proceeded from any
disregard on our part of our just obligations, or any failure to perform
every constitutional duty -- moved by no intention or design to
invade the rights of others -- anxious to cultivate peace and
commerce with all nations -- if we may not hope to avoid war, we
may at least expect that posterity will acquit us of having needlessly
engaged in it. We are doubly justified by the absence of wrong on
our part, and by wanton aggression on the part of others. There can
be no cause to doubt that the courage and patriotism of the people
of the Confederate States will be found equal to any measure of
defense which may be required for their security. Devoted to
agricultural pursuits, their chief interest is the export of a commodity
required in every manufacturing country. Our policy is peace, and
the freest trade our necessities will permit. It is alike our interest, and
that of all those to whom we would sell and from whom we would
buy, that there should be the fewest practicable restrictions upon
interchange of commodities. There can be but little rivalry between
us and any manufacturing or navigating community, such as the
Northwestern States of the American Union.
Objective 3.03
Identify political and military turning
points of the Civil War and assess
their significance to the outcome of
the conflict.
Essential Questions
• 3.03 Why are the Battle of Gettysburg and
the Siege of Vicksburg considered the
military turning points of the Civil War?
• 3.03 How did the political actions of
President Lincoln affect the outcome of the
war?
• 3.03 Was it inevitable that the North would
win the war?
Vocabulary
• Anaconda
Plan/Blockade
• First Battle of Bull
Run/Manassas
• Antietam
• Vicksburg
• Gettysburg
• Gettysburg Address
• Sherman’s March
• African-American
participation
• Robert E. Lee
• Ulysses S. Grant
• George McClellan
• Thomas “Stonewall”
Jackson
Strengths and Weaknesses
North
Military
Technology
Strategies
European
Support
Political and
Military Leaders
Economy
South
Turning Points Map
• Draw and explain the Union’s Anaconda plan
• Color in the states that stayed in the Union
• Color in the states that seceded and formed the
Confederacy
• Locate the following on the Map
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Antietam
Gettysburg
Vicksburg
Atlanta
Appomattox Courthouse