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The North and Industry
The Industrial Revolution – A period of
rapid growth in using machines for
manufacturing.
Technology & Inventions
• Eli Whitney –
Interchangeable parts:
Parts of a machine that are
identical. This made
assembly easier and
replacement of parts easier.
• This would led to mass
production. The efficient
production of large numbers
of identical goods.
Transportation Revolution
• Steamboat – invented by
Robert Fulton made riverboat
travel quick and cheap on the
rivers.
• Railroads – Peter Cooper and
the Tom Thumb led America
into the age of the locomotive.
1840 = 2800 miles of track,
1860 – 30,000 miles of track.
• Every major city on the East
Coast is linked. Commerce
and people begin to move with
great ease.
Communication
• The telegraph: Invented
by Samuel Morse was a
device that could send
information over wires
across great distances.
• Morse Code: Different
combinations of dots and
dashes that represent
each letter of the
alphabet.
Farming
• John Deere: Designed
the first STEEL Plow.
This changes farming
forever.
• Cyrus McCormick:
Invented the mechanical
reaper to harvest wheat.
• Farm production
increases rapidly
because of these two
inventions.
The South
• The South chooses a
path of agriculture.
• Specifically a cash
only crop. (Cash
Crop)
• The crop that will
drive their economy is
COTTON!
Eli Whitney
• The single most important
invention to the
continuing of slavery is
the Cotton Gin.
• It was invented by Eli
Whitney (1793).
• It made cotton 1000
times more profitable
then before.
• It removed the seeds
from the cotton with a
series of combs.
Plantation Society
• The cotton gin would
change southern society.
• Large farms (Plantations)
were developed which
produce huge quantities of
cotton for large profits
sprang up in the deep
south. Know as the cotton
belt.
• Plantations required a large
labor force, which increase
the demand for slaves.
Abolitionists Movement
• Abolition – Complete
end to slavery.
• Abolitionist – An
individual that works
for the end of slavery.
• William Lloyd
Garrison – He
published the most
famous abolitionists
newspaper the
Liberator.
African American Abolitionists
• Fredrick Douglass –
He spent most of his
life lecturing, lobbying
and publishing
material on the evils
of slavery and racism.
• Sojourner Truth –
She lectured across
the country about
slavery and women’s
rights.
Underground Railroad
• This was an organization
of people who arranged
transportation and hiding
places for fugitives or
escaped slaves.
• Harriet Tubman – She
was one of the most
famous conducts on the
railroad. She assisted in
the freeing of several
hundred run aways.
Dred Scott
• Roger B. Taney – Chief
Justice of the Supreme Court.
• He ruled that Dred Scott was
not a citizen of the US
because he was AfricanAmerican.
• “A black man had no rights
which a white man was bound
to respect.”
• Free soil did not change the
status of a slave.
• He declared the Missouri
Compromise unconstitutional.
Abraham Lincoln is elected
• In 1860, Abraham Lincoln is elected
president.
• Lincoln became president without winning
a single Southern State.
• The southern states felt that this was the
last straw and that Lincoln would design
an agenda that would eliminate slavery
and the Southern way of life.
The Civil War
• The question of Secection!
• Can a state quit the United States?
• Abraham Lincoln does not believe in
Sectionalism, therefore the Union can not
be dissolved because of individual states
needs.
Fort Sumter
The Battle of Bull Run
• Bull Run was the first major
battle of the Civil War and the
South (Confederates) had
won.
• This was the beginning of a
long war not a short one as
hoped by both sides.
• Thomas “Stonewall”
Jackson – He received his
nickname at the Battle of Bull
Run because he refused to fall
back and ordered his men to
hold their line.
George McClellan
• He was the leader of
the Union Army
during the beginning
of the war.
• He was arrogant and
inefficient as a leader.
• He was at odds
constantly with the
President.
Battle of Antietam
September 17, 1862
• This battle took place in Maryland.
• It was the bloodiest single day in US
History. (Over 25,000 soldiers died that
day.)
• It was a union victory.
Control of the Mississippi
• Ulysses S. Grant – He was the
commander of Northern (Union) forces in
the west.
• The goal was to take control of the
Mississippi.
Battle of Shiloh
• This was a surprise battle for Grant
because he did not believe the South
would attack him until he moved on
Vicksburg.
• Two-days of fighting led to a union victory
and set the stage for an attack on
Vicksburg. (Mississippi)
Battle of Vicksburg
• Admiral David Farragut captured the city
of New Orleans leaving only Vicksburg in
the way of Northern control of the
Mississippi.
• Grant decided to lay siege on the city
instead of attacking.
• Siege – This means to surround a city and
not let anything in or out, while
bombarding it daily.
Vicksburg’s Importance
• The North now controled the Mississippi
River.
• It is the first time that civilians are targeted
in warfare on purpose.
• This changes the war! And leads to Grant
becoming the leader of the Union Army.
Gettysburg “The Turning Point”
• July 1-3 1863
• Over 150,000 soldiers involved
• 53,000 dead
Day 1
• General “Jeb” Stuart
puts the confederates
(South) at a
disadvantage by leaving
them blind (LEE) to
what is out in front of
them.
• Because of his mistake
the Union (North) gains
the HIGH GROUND on
the first day and the rest
of the battle.
The Argument
Should the South fight at
Gettysburg?
• General Longstreet tries
to convince General Lee
not to attack at
Gettysburg because the
North had the advantage.
• He wanted to move the
army to a better location.
• Lee decided against
moving the army and
attacked on the second
day.
VS
Day 2
• The fight for the high
ground is fierce.
• The Little Round Top is
where the deadliest
fighting takes place.
• Colonel Chamberlain
(Union) holds off the
confederates all day until
he runs out of
ammunition.
• He ordered a bayonet
charge at the end and
caught the south by
surprise.
• He saved the day and
possibly the union.
Day 3
Pickett’s Charge
• General Lee orders an
attack on the union
center.
• General George Pickett
will lead that charge.
• General Longstreet
argues against the attack
but fails to convince Lee
not to attack.
• Half of Pickett’s men
would die that day (7,500)
General Grant orders Sherman’s
March to the Sea
• General William
Tecumseh Sherman
(Union) is given orders by
Grant to march through
the south to Atlanta then
turn North and meet him
at Richmond.
• He is to destroy
anything the
Confederate Army
could use for war along
with civilian and
economic resources.
“Total War”
April 9, 1865
• On this date the civil war will end with
General Robert E. Lee surrendering to
General Grant at Appomattax
Courthouse.
Lincoln Assassination
• Lincoln is assassinated on April 15, 1865
at Ford’s Theater by John Wilkes Booth.