Download Goal 3

Bell Starter
List 3 events we’ve covered that led to
sectionalism, thus leading to the outbreak
of the Civil War.
Explain why you chose the three events and
how you think they led to the Civil War.
Possible Answers
• Invention of the Cotton Gin
• Missouri Compromise (1820)
– Balance power between slaves and free states
• Compromise of 1850
– California and western areas free
• Popular sovereignty- voters decision
• Nullification Crisis
– States could nullify federal law deemed
unconstitutional
• Wilmot Proviso
– Legislation designed to ban slavery
Goal 3: Crisis, Civil War, and
Reconstruction (1848-1877)
Lesson 1
The Causes
Lincoln-Douglas Debates
1858
Compromise of
1850
Harriet Beecher
Stowe’s
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
1852
Underground Railroad
John Brown raids
Harper’s Ferry
1859
Kansas-Nebraska Act
1854
Bleeding Kansas
1854
Brooks
Beats
Sumner
1854
Lincoln
Elected
1860
Dred Scott v Sanford
1857
Fort Sumter Attacked
1861
Compromise of 1850
Created by Henry Clay to solve the controversy between free
states and slave states
The terms of the Compromise of 1850:
1. California admitted to the Union as a free state (Favored
the North)
2. Strict fugitive slave law (Favored the South) northern
states forcibly return escaped slaves back to South
3. Popular sovereignty would be followed in the territories
gained from the Mexican Cession allowing residents of
the new territories to vote for or against slavery). This
would determine the status of states in the future.
(Favored the North by effectively replacing the Missouri
Compromise).
Compromise of 1850
con’t
4. Slave trade, not slavery, would be abolished
in DC. (Favored South)
5. Texas relinquished claims on New Mexico
in return for $10 million dollars used to
settle their debts.
Harriet Beecher Stowe’s
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
• In 1852, abolitionist Harriet
Beecher Stowe published
the world-wide best seller,
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
• The book created major
sectional friction
• The South criticized the book
as an attack on the Southern
way of life(horrors of slavery)
• The North increased its
protests against the Fugitive
Slave Act
• When Lincoln met
Stowe during the Civil
War, he said, “So this
is the little lady who
made the big war.”
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Underground Railroad
• In reaction to the
Fugitive Slave Act, the
Underground Railroad
was established.
• It was a network to aid
fugitives slaves to
freedom from the South
to the North.
• The most famous
“conductor” was Harriet
Tubman.
• AKA “Black Moses”
Underground Railroad
Kansas-Nebraska Act
• Stephen Douglas pushed the Kansas-Nebraska Act through
Congress which called for popular sovereignty in the territories
of Kansas and Nebraska.
– People of the territory would decide whether to allow slavery
or outlaw it when areas apply for statehood.
• People from Missouri (slave state) moved to Kansas to vote
illegally.
• A pro-slavery government was established in Lecompton,
Kansas.
• An anti-slavery government was established in Lawrence,
Kansas.
• Months later, Kansas was plagued with an outbreak of violence
between the two opposing sides.
Bleeding Kansas
• The rift in Kansas led to
violence and murders.
• Abolitionist John Brown led
the “Pottawatomie Massacre”
by kidnapping five proslavery
men & killing them.
• Over 200 people were killed.
• A civil war broke out in
Kansas.
Brooks beats Sumner
• Massachusetts Senator Charles
Sumner was verbally attacking
supporters of slavery on the
Senate floor, especially Andrew
Butler of South Carolina.
– “The Crime Against Kansas”
•
•
•
•
•
Butler’s nephew (Preston
Brooks a South Carolina
Representative) entered the
Senate floor and attacked
Sumner with his cane.
Sumner suffers shock and brain
damage (left him unconscious).
Southerners applauded Brooks!
They actually mail canes to him
saying “Hit him again!”.
Northerners saw this as another
example of Southern brutality.
Division between North and
South grew wider and deeper
Dred Scott v. Sanford
• Dred Scott was a slave from
Missouri (slave state) who lived
with his owner for four years in
free territory (Illinois and
Wisconsin).
• When they returned to Missouri,
his owner died.
• Scott sued for his freedom,
stating that he should be free
since he had lived in free territory.
• Supreme Court Justice Roger B.
Taney (appointed by Jackson)
ruled that slaves did not have the
rights of citizens and could not
even sue.
• He also ruled the
Missouri Compromise
was unconstitutional -violated 5th
amendment (due process)
Lincoln-Douglas Debates
• The 1858 Illinois Senate race produced an
important debate on the issue of the extension of
slavery in the territories .
•Douglas: (“Little Giant”)did not believe slavery was
immoral; believed popular sovereignty would kill
slavery in time (Freeport Doctrine-no slave laws no
slaves)
•Lincoln: (“Honest Abe”) believed slavery was
immoral; believed legislation was required to end
slavery; slavery should not be allowed to spread.
•Key to Lincoln: “I am not, nor ever have been, in
favor of bringing about in any way the social and
political equality of the white and black races.”
•Douglas won the Senate seat, but Lincoln and
his beliefs were introduced to the nation.
Raid on Harpers Ferry
•On October 16, 1859, abolitionist
John Brown led a band of 21 men,
black and white, to seize the
federal arsenal (location where
weapons are made and/or stored)
in Harpers Ferry, VA.
•His goal was to seize weapons
and give them to slaves who could
then rise up in armed rebellion
(slavery)
•Plan failed and Brown was
captured (Robert E. Lee)and
hanged.
Lincoln Elected (1860)
• No Southern states voted for
Lincoln.
• South Carolina was the first state
to secede the Union.
• Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia,
Florida, Louisiana, Texas
• The Southern states met in
Alabama formed The Confederate
States of America (Confederacy)
in 1861.
• Jefferson Davis was elected
President of the Confederacy.
Question: Do states have the right to
secede from the Union?
Fort Sumter Attacked (1861)
• The first shots of the Civil War were fired at
Fort Sumter in South Carolina.
• Confederates took over federal installations in
their states.
• Lincoln
considers this
an act of
rebellion and
treason.
• The Civil War
had started
Union or Confederacy
• Union
– Kentucky, Missouri, Maryland
• Confederacy
– Virginia, North Carolina, Arkansas,
Tennessee
• South Carolinians ordered the Fort Sumter
garrison to surrender to the Confederacy
• Union refused
• Confederates fired on the fort
• Union ran out of ammunition-forcing commander
to surrender