Download Ch 10 Nation Divides

The Nation Divides
Ch 10 Sections 1, 3, 4, and 5
Case Against Slavery
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Northern View:
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End slavery
Still quite prejudiced
Harriet Beecher Stowe published Uncle Tom’s
Cabin
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Impact on northerners: more abolitionists
Impact on southerners: said not all masters are
mean, compared to factory system slaves are treated
better than Industrial workers
Differences Between North and South
Improvements Help
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Railroads
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Helped with trade
Wiped out the use of canals
Telegraph improved communication
 Both of these found primarily in the North
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Remember…
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Missouri Compromise
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Helped in the short-run by keeping a balance
in Congress
In the long-run caused problems once the US
gained new territory out west
1848 election
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Slavery issue ignored
Free Soil Party created
Taylor won
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California wanted to be added as a free state
Henry Clay proposed the Compromise of 1850
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More strict Fugitive Slave Act
No more slave trade in Washington, DC
Congress admitted CA as a free state
TX gave up claims to NM for $10 million
People in NM and UT had popular sovereignty
Debate in Congress
Calhoun: south does not have to give up
its liberties in order to save the Union
 Webster: save the Union
 Taylor died, Fillmore became president
 Douglas helped get compromise passed by
doing it in separate votes
 Compromise of 1850 passed
 “Great Compromise” saves the Union
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Election of 1852
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Pierce won
Decline of Whig party
Know-Nothings
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Nativist party
Douglas is Back!
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Stephen Douglas
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Wanted Chicago to benefit from the
development of the West
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Wanted to run for president
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Wanted it to be a center of trade (RR)
Needed southern Democratic support
Presented a plan for the development of the
Kansas and Nebraska Territories
Kansas-Nebraska Act
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January 1854 presented to Congress
Split Kansas and Nebraska and give them each
popular sovereignty
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In effect: would repeal the Missouri Compromise and
use popular sovereignty instead
Would please the south because there may be 2 more
slave states in areas that under the MO Compromise
slavery would be prohibited
Would please the north because they would assume the
territories would not choose to have slavery
Congress passed the Kansas-Nebraska Act
Rise of the Republican Party
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Summer of 1854 many meetings held to protest the
Kansas-Nebraska Act
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In one meeting in Michigan the Republican Party was
launched
Republican Party
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Slavery was a great moral evil and vowed to fight
against it’s expansion into the new territories of the west
Demanded the repeal of the KA-NE Act and the Fugitive
Slave Act
Supported by anti-slavery Democrats, Whigs, and Free
Soilers in the North
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Farmers, professionals, small business owners, and
craftworkers
Kansas
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Vote on slavery
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People from MO crossed the border and voted
to support slavery
Vote results: slavery in Kansas
Free soilers knew vote was incorrect and
formed a 2nd government that did not allow
slavery
Violence Erupts
Sack of Lawrence: pro-slavery people
looted Lawrence, Kansas a center of freesoiler activity
 John Brown led other anti-slavery people
to Pottawatomie Creek and attacked proslavery settlement there killing 5 men
 “Bleeding Kansas” had begun
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“Bleeding Kansas”
Mini-civil war in Kansas over slavery
 Attacks and counter-attacks from both
sides occurred
 Many killed and injured
 Violence spread to the US capital
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Attack on Sumner
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Charles Sumner gave speech “The Crime
Against Kansas” attacking southerners for
forcing slavery on Kansas
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Included insults to Sen. Andrew Butler of SC
Preston Brooks (member of the House and
Butler’s nephew) wanted to uphold his
uncle’s honor
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2 days after speech, Brooks went to Sumner’s
office and attacked him with his own cane
Results
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Brooks gave up House seat but was
immediately re-elected
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Southerners supported his action
Sumner badly injured, never returned to
full health
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Empty seat in Senate served as a reminder of
the hatred brewing between north and south
Election of 1856
Democratic candidate: James Buchanan
 Republican candidate: John C. Frémont
 American (Know-Nothings) Party: Millard
Fillmore
 Results: Buchanan won
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Dred Scott Decision
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Supreme Court handed down decision in
March 1857 in the case Dred Scott v.
Sandford
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Slaves are not citizens and do not have the
right to sue in court
Missouri Compromise was overruled and
slavery can exist anywhere in the USA
Slave can not win their freedom by living in a
free territory
Lecompton Constitution
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Fall 1857 a proslavery constitution for Kansas was
written as part of the process for admission to
statehood in the Union
Many people refused to vote on the referendum in
Kansas
 Buchanan supported it and upset many northern
Democrats in the US
Congress sent the constitution back to Kansas for
another vote
 People of Kansas voted it down
Kansas allowed slavery under Dred Scott decision
but antislavery people there prohibited it
Senator Race in Illinois in 1858
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Sen. Stephen Douglas running for reelection (Democrat)
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Ran supporting popular sovereignty
Republicans chose Abraham Lincoln to run
against him
 Lincoln-Douglas Debates happened in
1858 for Senator seat in Illinois
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Series of 7 debates
Freeport Doctrine
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Lincoln pushed Douglas into a corner:
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How can popular sovereignty work if the Dred
Scott decision allows slavery anywhere in the
USA?
Douglas’s response: the Freeport Doctrine
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Slavery can not work without laws governing it
Loophole in the Dred Scott decision
Douglas lost a TON of support from southern
Democrats
Results of Senator Election in IL
Douglas won re-election
 Lincoln did not go away
 Neither did the Republican Party or the
issue of slavery and it’s expansion
westward
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John Brown’s Raid
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October 16, 1859
Brown led an attack on a federal arsenal at
Harper’s Ferry in VA
Wanted to cause a HUGE slave revolt in the
South
Col. Robert E. Lee was sent in with troops
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Half of the men with Brown were killed before the rest
surrendered
Brown was hanged for treason
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Served as a martyr in the north for the cause
Election of 1860
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Democratic Party: Split
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Northern Democrats: supported popular sovereignty
Southern Democrats: supported the expansion of
slavery
Republican Party: No expansion of slavery
Candidates
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Southern Democrat: John C. Breckinridge
Northern Democrat: Stephen Douglas (IL)
Constitutional Union Party: John Bell (TN)
Republican Party: Abraham Lincoln (IL)
The Popular Vote, The Electoral
College Results
In the South it was between Breckinridge
and Bell – Lincoln wasn’t even on the
ballot in many state’s
 In the North it was between Douglas and
Lincoln
 Lincoln got 39% of popular vote
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Won without a single southern state’s electoral
vote because got 180 Electoral College votes
Southern State’s Reaction
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Outraged that president could be elected
without their support
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National government was totally out of their
hands (their view)
6 weeks after the election South Carolina
seceded from the Union (12/20/1860)
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6 states followed: TX, FL, LA, AL, GA, MS
(Lower South)
The Confederate States of America
February of 1861 the states that seceded
formed the Confederate States of America
 President chosen was Jefferson Davis
 Capital for the time was Montgomery, AL
 Attempts from the north at negotiating a
compromise failed
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Fort Sumter
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In Charleston, SC harbor
Under federal control
Supply ship forced to turn away in Jan. 1861
Major Robert Anderson requested supplies and
troops from Lincoln
Lincoln had to decide what to do because men
there under Major Robert Anderson would run out
of supplies
April 6: Lincoln told the government of SC he was
only sending supplies (food)
War Starts
April 10, President Davis ordered P.G.T.
Beauregard to take the fort (before the
supplies got there from the Union)
 April 12, 1861: Beauregard ordered
Confederate forces to attack the fort
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BEGINNING OF THE CIVIL WAR
Anderson surrendered after 34 hours
No deaths
1st battle of the Civil War
Response to Fort Sumter
Lincoln called for volunteers to join the
Union army
 South saw this request as an act of war
against them
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Upper south seceded: NC, VA, AK, TN
Confederate capital moved to Richmond,
VA
Border States
States between the North and South
 ALL had slavery
 Had to decide which to side with
 MD, DE, MO, KY
 ALL eventually sided with the NORTH
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