Download Chapter 15 Toward the Civil War (1840

Chapter 15 Toward the Civil
War (1840-1861)
Section 1 Slavery and the West
Chapter Time Line
Chapter Time Line
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n
Rate your agreement with the following
statement: It is better to compromise to get
something accomplished than to stand
100% firm on what you believe.
A
D. Strongly disagree
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0%
0%
0%
D
C. Somewhat disagree
A
B
C
D
C
B. Somewhat agree
A.
B.
C.
D.
B
A. Strongly agree
n
Did the compromises that Congress
made effectively address slavery and
sectionalism?
Missouri
• 1819- Missouri applied
for statehood
• Slavery was legal in
Missouri
• This sparked an angry
debate in Congress
• There were 22 states in
the Union
• 11 slave states/ 11 free
states
• Each state got two votes
(Senate)
• Adding another state
would tip the balance
between slave states
and free states
North and South
• The North and South
had different economies
and were competing for
new land in the West
• At the same time, many
Northerners wanted to
restrict or ban slavery
• Southerners opposed
these antislavery efforts
(even those that
disliked slavery)
• Southerners resented
the interference by
outsiders in
Southerners’ affairs
• This grew into
sectionalism between
the North and South
What to do with Missouri
• Senate suggested allowing
Missouri join as a slave state
and Maine join as a free state
• The Senate wanted to settle
the issue of slavery in the
territories for good
• Senate proposed banning
slavery in the rest of the
Louisiana Purchase north of
36°30' N latitude
• Speaker of the House Henry
Clay guided the bill through
the House of Representatives
(passed by a close vote)
• Maine was the 23rd state and
Missouri was 24th
• The Missouri Compromise
preserved the balance
between slave and free states
• This was a temporary
solution in the debate over
slavery
Who drafted the Missouri
Compromise?
A. Henry Clay
B. James Monroe
C. James Polk
D. Thomas Jefferson
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B.
C.
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D
Slavery
• The debate over slavery
erupted again in the 1840s
• Texas was added and
slavery was already legal
there
• Texas Annexation was the
main issue in the
presidential election of
1844
• Texas became a state in
1845
• Shortly after the Mexican
War began,
Representative David
Wilmost from
Pennsylvania introduced a
proposal
• The Wilmot Proviso would
ban slavery in any lands
the US would get from
Mexico
Which of the following was a
proposal to ban slavery in any lands
acquired from Mexico?
A. The Compromise of 1850
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D
C
D. The Freeport Doctrine
B
C. The Missouri Compromise
A. A
B. B
0% C.
0% C 0%
D. D
A
B. The Wilmot Proviso
Southerners’ Response
• Southerners’ protested the
Wilmot Proviso
• Southerners’ felt this
endangered slavery
everywhere
• They wanted New Mexico and
California open to slavery
• John C. Calhoun (SC)
countered with another
proposal
• It said that neither Congress
nor any territory had the
authority to ban slavery from a
territory or regulate it
• Neither proposal passed, but
caused bitter debate
• By the next election, the US
gained New Mexico and
California, but took no action on
slavery
Election of 1848
• 1848- The Whigs
selected Zachary
Taylor as their
candidate
• Taylor was a
Southerner and a hero
of the Mexican War
• The Democrats chose
Senator Lewis Cass of
Michigan
• Both candidates
ignored the issue of
slavery
• The failure to take a
stand angered voters
Election of 1848 Continued
• Many opponents of
slavery left their parties
and formed the Free-Soil
Party
• “Free Soil, Free Speech,
Free Labor, and Free
Men”
• The Free-Soil Party chose
former president Van
Buren as their candidate
• Taylor won, but the FreeSoil Party gained several
seats in Congress
Issues in the US
• California applied for
statehood in 1849
(After the Gold Rush)
• Meanwhile,
antislavery forces
wanted to ban slavery
in Washington, D.C.
• Southerners also
wanted a national law
that required states to
return fugitive
enslaved people
• The key issue was the
balance of power in
the Senate (30 states
15/15)
• Southerners talked
about seceding from
the Union
Compromising
• 1850- Senator Henry Clay
proposed that California enter as a
free state
• The rest of the new territories would
have no limits on slavery
• The slave trade (Not slavery itself)
would be banned in Washington
D.C.
• Clay also pushed for a stronger
fugitive slave law
• Senator John C. Calhoun opposed
the plan
• Calhoun felt that the Union could be
saved only by protecting slavery
• Senator Webster supported the
plan
• Webster said that slavery had little
chance in the new territories
because the land was not suited for
plantations
The Compromise of 1850
• President Taylor was an
opponent of Clay’s plan
• But Taylor died
unexpectedly and Millard
Fillmore took over as
president
• Fillmore favored the
compromise
• To end the crisis, Illinois
Senator Stephen A.
Douglas divided Clay’s plan
into 4 parts Each part
would be voted on
separately
• Fillmore had several Whigs
abstain on parts they
opposed
• The 5 parts passed and
became known as the
Compromise of 1850
The Parts of the Compromise of 1850
1. California would be
admitted as a free
state.
2. The new Mexico
territory would have
no restrictions on
slavery.
3. The new MexicoTexas border dispute
would be settled in
favor of new Mexico.
4. The slave trade but
not slavery it self
would be abolished in
the district of
Colombia.
5. Stronger fugitive
state law.
n
Did the compromises that Congress made
effectively address slavery and sectionalism?
-Compromises dealt primarily with immediate
issues
-Admittance of new states
-Maintaining balance in Congress
-The compromises did not address slavery at the
national level
Chapter 15 Section 1 Quiz
ls
e
Fa
Tr
ue
By admitting a free state and Missouri, a
slaveholding state, to the Union at the same
time, the Senate could remain balanced.
A. True
50%
50%
B. False
The Wilmot Proviso allowed California
to enter the Union as a free state.
ls
e
50%
Fa
50%
Tr
ue
A. True
B. False
John C. Calhoun countered
David Wilmot's proposal.
ls
e
50%
Fa
50%
Tr
ue
A. True
B. False
Zachary Taylor adopted a proslavery
platform for the 1848 presidential election.
ls
e
50%
Fa
50%
Tr
ue
A. True
B. False
President Fillmore was in favor
of the Compromise of 1850.
ls
e
50%
Fa
50%
Tr
ue
A. True
B. False
An exaggerated loyalty to a particular
region of the country is called
abolitionism.
fugitive slave law.
Free-Soil Party.
sectionalism.
is
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.
se
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io
na
l
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.
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av
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.
.
25% 25% 25% 25%
ab
A.
B.
C.
D.
The plan that preserved the balance
between slave and free states in the Senate
was the
A. North-South
Compromise.
B. Missouri
Compromise.
C. Maine Compromise.
D. Slavery
Compromise.
N
Co
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pr
om
M
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M
or
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-S
o
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C
om
pr
o.
..
25% 25% 25% 25%
The main issue in the presidential
election of 1844 was the
A. annexation of Texas.
B. annexation of Maine.
C. annexation of New
Mexico.
D. annexation of
Missouri.
ri.
M
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s
of
Ne
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of
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25% 25% 25% 25%
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Jo
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al
ho
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un
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Who proposed that neither Congress nor
local governments had the authority to ban
slavery from a territory?
A. Daniel Webster
25% 25% 25% 25%
B. John C. Calhoun
C. Henry Clay
D. Zachary Taylor
President Millard Fillmore persuaded several
Whig representatives to not cast votes, or to
secede.
become a fugitive.
abstain.
increase
sectionalism.
m
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n.
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st
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ab
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co
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se
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fu
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.
25% 25% 25% 25%
be
A.
B.
C.
D.
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