Download Programming paradigms

Programming paradigms
Families of programming
languages
Programming languages
1
Objected programming
• Important language concepts
– Classes and objects
– Methods
– Encapsulation
• Private and protected
– Inheritance
– Polymorphism
• Some languages
–
–
–
–
Java
C++
C#
Smalltalk
Programming languages
2
Declarative programming
• Important language concepts
– You say what you want, not how to do it.
– An interpreter executes your “wish”
• Some languages
– SQL (Structured Query Language)
• A DBMS (Database Management System)
executes your SQL query.
Programming languages
3
Structured programming
• Important language concepts
– Procedures and functions
– Selections statements
• If…else, switch, etc.
– Looping statements
• While, for, etc.
• Remarks
– Opposed to unstructured programming
• Lots of goto statements
– Object-oriented programming languages has many elements
borrowed from structured programming
• Some languages
– Pascal
– C
Programming languages
4
Functional programming
• Important language concepts
– Lists
• Programs are represented as lists
– Functions
– Recursion
• Some languages
– LISP
– SML
– Haskell
Programming languages
5
Logic programming
• Important language concepts
– Saying “what” instead of “how”
• The inference machine knows “how”
• Non-procedural
– Programmer state “facts”
– Programmer asks “questions”
• Answered by the inference machine, using the
facts
• Some languages
– Prolog
Programming languages
6
Programming language
development
• Programming languages are developed
with inspiration from other programming
languages.
– Java was inspired by C++ and Smalltalk
– C# was inspired by C++ and Java
• Some languages are single paradigm
– Meant to be used within a single paradigm
• Some languages are multi paradigm
– Meant to be used with 2 (or more) paradigms
Programming languages
7
Using programming languages
outside the paradigm
• Many programming languages can be used with
more than a single paradigm
• Example
– Java can be used for
• Object-oriented programming
• Structured programming
– Using only static constructs
• Using a programming language outside its
natural paradigm is awkward and error-prone
– Find a programming language which suits the
paradigm you like.
Programming languages
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References
• Wikipedia
– Programming Paradigm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programming_par
adigm
• Bruce J. MacLennan Principles of
Programming Languages, Holt Rinehart
and Winston
Programming languages
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