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Henry Ford
1920'S AMERICA……..
Chapter 20/21 in textbook
Fear of Communism
• The spread of Communism
was perceived as a threat to
America (The Red Scare)
• Communism - economic,
political system, single-party
government
- ruled by dictator
- no private property
Sacco and Vanzetti
• Red Scare fed fear of
foreigners, ruined
reputations & wrecked
lives
• The two most famous
victims were Italian
immigrants Nicola Sacco
and Bartolomeo Vanzetti
• Shoemaker & fish peddler
who evaded the draft
during WWI (Anarchists)
A Time of Labor Unrest
• Government didn’t allow strikes in wartime
- 1919 over 3,000 strikes
• Employers were against raises& unions;
- Labeled strikers as Communists
The Impact of the Automobile
• Henry Ford made cars
affordable
- Used assembly line
• 1908 - Model T hit the
market (cost $825)
• By 1920's - Model T
came off the line every
10 seconds
The Impact of the Automobile
• Enabled workers to live farther
from jobs
- Led to urban sprawl (spread of
cities)
• Auto industry became economic
base for some cities
• Boosted oil industry
• Late 1920s - 1 car for every 5
Americans
• 1927 – The Model A replaced the
Model T
• Enabled customers to order a
variety of colors
• Traveled faster & smoother
1923
America’s Standard of Living Soars
• 1920s were prosperous
times for America
• 1920 to 1929 – Average
annual income rose over
35%, from $522 to $705
• People tired of sacrificing
• Ready to spend money
• New inventions
- Refrigerator
- Vacuum cleaner
- Electric stove
- Wrist watch
Radio Comes of Age
• Radio was most powerful
communications medium of
1920s
• Connected the whole
country
• Networks provided shared
national experience
- Enabled people to hear the
news as it happened
Section 4
The Harlem Renaissance
African-American ideas, politics, art, literature,
and music flourish in Harlem and elsewhere in the
United States.
African-American Voices in the 1920s
• Racial tensions escalated in
North
– Summer 1919 – About
25 urban race riots took
place
• African-Americans continue
to migrate in the 1920s
African-American Goals
• 1900 - National Association
for the Advancement of
Colored People founded
(NAACP)
- Protested racial violence
- W.E.B. Du Bois led parade
of 10,000 men in New York
to protest violence
African-American Goals
• NAACP leader James
Weldon Johnson fought
for civil rights legislation
- NAACP antilynching
campaign led to drop in
number of lynchings
The Harlem Renaissance Flowers in New
York
•
•
•
Many African Americans migrated to
Harlem
- Neighborhood on the Upper West
Side of New York’s Manhattan Island
1920s – Harlem became world’s
largest black urban area
- People from U.S. & Caribbean
Harlem Renaissance - A literary &
artistic movement celebrating
African-American culture
- Expressed pride in African-American
experience
African Americans and Jazz
• Jazz born in early 20th
century New Orleans
• Spread across U.S.
• Became the most popular
form of music for dancing
• Trumpeter Louis Armstrong
made personal expression
key part of jazz
- Most influential musician
in jazz history
Langston Hughes
• James Mercer Langston
Hughes, (February 1, 1902 –
May 22, 1967) was an
American poet, novelist,
playwright, short story writer,
and columnist. He was one of
the earliest innovators of the
new literary art form jazz
poetry. Hughes is best-known
for his work during the Harlem
Renaissance.He is also best
known for what he wrote
about the Harlem
Renaissance,"Harlem was in
vogue."
Irving Berlin
• Irving Berlin (May 11,
1888 – September 22,
1989) was an American
composer and lyricist
widely considered one
of the greatest
songwriters in history.
TIN PAN ALLEY
• Tin Pan Alley is the name given to the collection of New
York City-centered music publishers and songwriters who
dominated the popular music of the United States in the
late 19th century and early 20th century.
• The start of Tin Pan Alley is usually dated to about 1885,
when a number of music publishers set up shop in the
same district of Manhattan. The end of Tin Pan Alley is less
clear cut. Some date it to the start of the Great Depression
in the 1930s when the phonograph and radio supplanted
sheet music as the driving force of American popular music,
while others consider Tin Pan Alley to have continued into
the 1950s when earlier styles of American popular music
were upstaged by the rise of rock & roll.