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Biosensors & Biofeedback in Music Chelsea Douglas History & Early Development • Biofeedback first became first became viewed as a musical tool in the late 1960s. – David Rosenboom (Brainwave Music) and Alvin Lucier were two American composers who explored the use of biosensors in music. • Now biosignals with music are used as digital signals and can be used to control aspects of the music – Dubost and Tanaka refer to this as bio-control instead of bio-feedback. • Biofeedback is often related to emotional state • Depending on the individual biofeedback can be controlled. Measures of Biofeedback • Measures of Biofeedback include: – Galvanic Skin Response • Dependent on moisture level – Heart Rate Monitoring – Body Temperature – EEG (Electroencephalography) • Sensors placed on scalp measure electrical activity/ionic current flows within the neurons of the brain Example Device • Brain Pulse Music Machine – Headset – Measures activity in the frontal (ability to recognize future consequences resulting from current actions) and parietal (sensory information) lobes – Converts this activity into sounds – Approximate cost = $699.99 How Biosensors Work • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ybenfOne sTs • Beatback • Uses GSR Composition & Performance Examples • Alvin Lucier, (American Composer) – Clocker (1991): http://www.lovely.com/titles/cd1019.html • Massimiliano Peretti (Contemporary Artist) – Amigdalae Project (2005) • Measures Biofeedback with GSR, EEG, Body Temp and Heart Rate • Audience views video art while biofeedback controls and alters the musical accompaniment. Other Uses • Music Therapy – Reward controlled by biofeedback – Research • Companies – Market products with biofeedback to create custom music • Exercise • Relaxation – Performance anxiety – Idea that continuous exchange of feedback between music and individual enhances experience • Relaxation