Download Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION TO
ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR
WHAT IS ORGANIZATIONAL
BEHAVIOR
The multi-disciplinary study of people, groups,
and their behavior and interactions in
organizations.
Why?
.
What influences behavior?
SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT
 Goal?
 Soldiering
 People are rational, economic
beings that will act on their own
interests.
 Four steps
 Break the job down
 Scientifically select and train
 Repetition
 Supervise employees
 Monitor employees
 Piecework
 Plan the work
SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT:
EVALUATION
Limitations


Contributions?
Specific practices?
Jobs/Industries?
Human Relations Movement:
The Hawthorne Studies
ILLUMINATION
STUDY
Tested the impact of
lighting on productivity
 Uncovered the
“Hawthorne Effect”



Workers produced more
because managers paid
attention to them.
Shifted management
focus from purely
economic to humanistic
WIRING ROOM
STUDY
Tested the influence of
individual and group
behavior
 Workers’ output
influenced by:

Group norms
 Social pressures
 Informal organization


Impetus for field of
organizational behavior
HUMAN RELATIONS
ASSUMPTIONS
Individual attitudes and
behaviors are important
Organizations are social
systems
Our behavior is shaped by the
social context
Informal work group may
have a stronger impact on
behavior than management
actions and economic rewards
Jobs should enable people to
develop and grow
Basic Principle
Job satisfaction = Productivity
McCGREGOR’S THEORY
THEORY Y
•Motivated
•Able
•Need freedom to fulfill potential
THEORY X
•Lazy
•Dislike work
•Avoid responsibility
•Must be tightly controlled
HUMAN RELATIONS:
EVALUATION
Limitations?




Contributions?
MODERN THEORIES
Contingency Perspective
Systems Perspective
Interrelated elements functioning as a whole
Organizations are open systems
THE ORGANIZATION’S ENVIRONMENT
The Individual
•Motivation
•Skills & Abilities
•Perception
•Personality
•Attitudes
•Values
Interpersonal
Influence and
Group Behavior
Group
behavior
and work teams
Intergroup
conflict and
negotiations
Organizational
power and
politics
Communication
INDIVIDUAL
BEHAVIOR IN THE
ORGANIZATION
Organizational
System/Structure
Leadership
Communications
Decision
making
Reward System
Job Design
Environmental Forces
