Download Biochemistry- Carbohydrates

CARBOHYDRATES
A. Composed of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen
B. Ratio of atoms: 1 C : 2 H : 1 O
(CH2O)n n=# Carbon Atoms
or
C. Exists as rings or long chains
D. Energy storage molecule due to C-H bonds
-
C-H bonds contain a lot of energy- Why do people Carbo-Load?
E. 3 major groups
monosaccharides
disaccharides
polysaccharides
Monosaccharides
Mono= 1 Saccharide= Sugar
1. Simple sugars
2. no digestion—absorbed directly
3. Provides quick bursts of energy, not
long lasting
4. Fructose & Glucose
Disaccharides
Di= 2 Saccharide = sugar
1. two simple sugars together
2. Must digest first
3. Common food additive
4. Sucrose = table sugar = glucose +
fructose
5. Lactose= milk sugar = glucose + galactose
Polysaccharides
Poly= many
1. Long complex chains of glucose molecules
2. Insoluble in water- molecule is too big
3. Stored energy- lots of C-H bonds
Timed Release- convert to glucose when
energy is needed
4. 3 groups (starch, cellulose, and glycogen)
a. Glycogen - energy storage found in
liver and muscles of animals
-can be converted to glucose for energy
when needed
b. Starch- stable food storage
compound in plants
- 22 to 28 glucose molecules long= pretty
big
- baking or boiling starches will break the
long chains into useable sugars- so does
digestion
-Athletes Need This!!
c. Cellulose- found in plant cell walls
-100-200 glucose molecules long
-can not be digested by humans- but eaten
all the time- do you eat your veggies?
Where do we get carbs from?
• Simple Sugars- sweet things- candy
• Double Sugars- Table Sugar(Sucrose)
Milk (Lactose) etc
• Complex Sugars
– Starch- Potatoes, Corn, Rice, Wheat
(Breads)
– Cellulose- Plant Cell Walls- Undigestable
but still eaten- Called Dietary Fiber- aids in
digestion
– Glycogen- we make it! (Liver and muscles)
How Do You Make Organic
Compounds?
• 2 Reactions
• Dehydration Synthesis- Puts together
• Hydrolysis- Breaks apart
A. Dehydration Synthesis - small units are
joined together by removing water
B. Hydrolysis -large compounds are
broken down into smaller units by
adding water