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Plant Processes PHOTOSYNTHESIS • Process which allows plants to produce their own food Plant Processes RESPIRATION • Process where cells break down nutrients with the help of oxygen into useable energy • Takes place in the mitochondria of the cell • Opposite of photosynthesis Plant Processes TRANSPIRTAION • The process of loosing water through open stomata Plant Processes POLLINATION • The transfer of pollen from the male part of a seed plant to the female part • Only occurs with closely related species Pollination and Fertilization Plant Growth Regulators • Hormones: Chemical messengers created by a living organisms that control growth – Auxins: Target the stems and are produced in the apical meristems – Gibberellins: Stimulate cells to elongate, enhance fruit production, and induces the opening of flower buds – Cytokinins: Stimulate the production of protein leading to cell division Plant Growth Regulators • Ethylene: The gaseous compound produced which causes cell walls to weaken and become soft • Abscisic Acid: Slows down metabolic process to help the plant conserve water – Prohibits growth Plant Responses • Tropism is the growth response of a plant to and external stimulus – Sun, artificial light, gravity • Phototropism is a plant’s response to light – Plant will grow towards light Plant Responses • Gravitropism is a plant’s response to gravity – Also known as geotropism • Autotropism is how a plant grows or elongates in a straight line Cultural and Environmental Factors • When plant systems do not function properly, a number of problems can occur – If a plant suffers too much, it will not be able to produce and process food, or reproduce • Humidity is the amount of moisture in the air – 30% to 60% is desirable