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Shelf Fungus Kingdom Fungi Penicillium notatum Yeasts http://www.consilia-sa.ch/Francais/Analytes_AZ/Allergenes/f_allerg.htm http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/fungi/ fungi.html www.sbs.utexas.edu Kingdom Fungi • Domain Eukarya, Eukaryotes Cell wall made of chitin Unicellular (yeast) & Multicellular Heterotrophs Extracellular Digestion - Absorb food directly into their cells • Asexual Reproduction – budding, fragmentation • Sexual Reproduction – spores – classified by sexual spores • • • • Structures of a Fungus • Mycelium – netlike mass of hyphae • Hyphae – like the roots of a fungus – divided into cells by crosswalls called septa – Some fungi do not have septae and are called Aseptae – basically grow by mitosis without cytokinesis – Digestion and ingestion of nutrients • Fruiting Body – part of the fungus that is seen, releases spores Reproduction • Budding – usually done by yeast – new cell starts to form off of a parent cell and then it just pinches off and becomes its own cell • Fragmentation – piece of the mycelium is broken off from the original fungus – continues to grow • Sexual Spores – spore is a reproductive haploid cell with a hard outer coat that develops into a new organism without the fusion of gametes Fungi Nutrition • Saprophytic Fungi – decomposers – recycle nutrients by feeding on dead organisms and organic waste • Parasitic Fungi – absorb nutrients from the living cells of a host – many of these fungi produce haustoria which are specialized hyphae that grow into the host’s tissues and absorb the nutrients • Mutualistic Fungi – some get nutrition by living with other organisms – typically plants and algae Types of Fungi – remember they are classified by their sexual spores • Basidomycetes – club fungi – basic mushrooms • Ascomycetes – sac fungi • Deuteromycetes – no sexual spores – Penicillin • Zygomycetes – shelf fungi, conjugation Basidiomycetes • • • • • • Ex mushrooms, puff balls, stink horns Reproductive structure is the basidium Most are multicellular Most are terrestrial Saprophytic, parastic or mutualistic Mostly reproduce asexually Zygomycetes • Shelf Fungi , known as common molds • Ex Bread Mold • Hyphae are called stolons – spread across the surface of food • Another type of hyphae – rhizoids – anchor the mycelium and produce digestie enzymes • Sexual Reproductive Structure Gametangium Ascomycetes • Sexual Reproductive Structure – Conidiophore • Most are unicellular • Variety of habitats • Saprophytic, parasitic or mutualistic Deuteromycota • No sexual reproduction • Very diverse group – known as imperfect fungi • Penicillin Fungus and Nature • Lichens – symbiotic relationship of fungus and algae/ cyanobacteria – Fungi get nutrients from the algae/ cyanobacteria via photosynthesis – Algae/ cyanobacteria get a place to live and grow – Good Bioindicators – less pollution = more lichens in an area Fungus and Nature • Mycorrhizae – mutualistic relationship between a specialized fugnus and plant roots – fungus absorbs minerals for the plant and increase the plants root surface area for water – in return, the fungus receives carbohydrates and amino acids from the plant • Yeast – baking, alcoholic fermentation • Decomposers • Cheeses – blue • Diseases – plants and animals – Ring worm, Root Rot, Silver Dust • Antibiotics - penicillin
