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Exploring Cell
Shape and
Function
The Microscope
vocabulary
word!
prokaryotes
• prokaryote – cells that do not have a
nucleus or membrane bound organelles.
• Many unicellular organisms are prokaryote
vocabulary
word!
eukaryotes
• eukaryote – cells that do have a nucleus
and membrane bound organelles
vocabulary
word!
structure
• structure - the way that something is built,
arranged, or organized.
function
vocabulary
word!
• function - the special purpose or activity
for which a thing exists or is used.
Structure and Function
Important facts
and examples
• The structure (shape) of most things is
related to its function (job).
– A wheel is round which is related to its
function which is to roll.
– A horse’s hoof is strong and is related to its
function of carrying weight over hard ground.
– A bird’s wing is shaped to provide lift which is
related to its function of flying.
Structure and Function
Important facts
• Plant and animal cells have different
parts that have different functions for
the organism.
• Even cells within the same organism
can differ from each other depending
on their function.
cheek epithelial cells
Cheek epithelial cells are found inside the mouth.
They create a smooth lining to cover the inside of the
mouth.
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adipose cells (fat)
Adipose cells (fat) are found in many places in the
body. They store fat that the body can use for
energy or insulation.
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muscle cell
Muscle cells are long and thin but can contract into
a short, fat shape. Skeletal muscles relax and
contract to move the bones.
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bark cell
Bark protects plants and trees and allows them to
stand up and grow taller than if they did not have
bark.
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leaf cell
Leaf cells contain many chloroplasts so the plant can
undergo photosynthesis.
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root cell
Plant roots absorb water and minerals from the soil.
They then help to transport these materials to the
other parts of the plant. Notice there are no
chloroplasts.
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