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Fungi
Ch.26
Fungi Importance
Recycle nutrients by decomposition
Fungi
Eukaryotic
Heterotrophs (external digestion,
decomposers or parasites)
Cell walls of chitin
All multi-celled (except yeast)
Fungi Structure
 Hyphae - thin filaments
with nuclei
 Mycelium - hyphae
tangled together (absorbs
food)
 Fruiting body reproductive structure
growing out of mycelium
(like mushroom cap)
Fungus Reproduction
Asexual
Fragmentation: hyphae break off and grow on
their own
Budding: pinches off to produce offspring
Spore production: (reproductive cell that
undergoes mitosis to produce new organism)
(Sporangiophores, sporangium, and
sporangiospores)
Sexual Reproduction
 Fungi are neither male or female
 have mating types [(plus (+) & a minus (-)]
 Gametes =“plus (+) & minus (-)” to form zygote
Fungus Classification
1.
2.
3.
4.
Common Molds (Zygomycota)
Sac Fungi (Ascomycota)
Club Fungi (Basidiomycota)
Imperfect Fungi (Deuteromycota)
Common Molds
 Contain zygospores (spore with
zygotes)
 Rootlike hyphae called rhizoids
(digestive enzymes)
 Stolons – grow across the surface
 Conjugation
 Exs: Black bread mold, molds on
meats & cheeses, etc.
Sac Fungi (Ascomycota)
 Parasites
 Tiny spores = conidia
 Sexual = hyphae of two different
mating types - produces cuplike
structures called ascocarp
 Ascocarp contains sacs called
asci that produces ascospores
 Exs: Cup fungi, yeast
 Yeast - reproduce thru budding
(asexual)
Club Fungi (Basidiomycota)
 Produce small club-like structures
= basidia
 Spore-bearing structure =
basidiocarp (cup & stalk)
 Under cap = rows of “gills” lined
with thousands of basidia
 Basidia unite = zygote and
develop into basidiospores
 Exs: shelf fungi, puffballs,
earthstars, jelly fungi, rusts
(plant parasite), mushrooms
Club Fungi
Imperfect Fungi (Deuteromycota)
 No sexual phase in
life cycle
 Exs: Penicillin
Symbiosis (Mutualism)
 Both benefit
1. Lichens
2. Mycorrhiza
Lichens
 Fungus & algae or
cyanobacteria
 Resistant to drought, cold
 Algae/Bact. provide energy
thru photo. & fungus provides
water/minerals
 First organisms on barren land
 Great indicator of air pollution
Mycorrhizae
 Plant roots & fungi
mycelia underground
 80% of plants form
mychorrhizae w/ fungi
 Fungus helps provide
water/minerals to plant
 Plants give fungus energy
from photosynthesis
 Some plants won’t
survive w/out these
Human Use
 Production of B2, cortisone, penicillin, and other
antibiotics, etc.
 Production of cheeses, bread, beer, wines, and
soy products
Fungal Diseases
Human, animal, plant
Plant: corn smut, mildew, wheat rust
Human: Athlete’s foot, Ringworm, yeast
infections
Animal: Cordyceps (kills grasshoppers)
Fungal Diseases