Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download How Cells Divide - Mrs. Guida's AP Biology Class
Document related concepts
no text concepts found
Transcript
How Cells Divide Chapter 10 Bacterial Cell Division • Binary Fission • FtsZ protein Eukaryotic Chromosomes • Chromosome Numbers Vary • Made of Chromatin Some Vocab • • • • • Karyotype Haploid Diploid Homologue Chromatids Overview of the Cell Cycle • • • • • G1 S G2 M C • G0 Interphase • G1, S, G2 Mitosis • • • • • Prophase Prometaphase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Prophase • Condensation of Chromosome Contintues • Spindle apparatus – Asters • Nuclear envelope disassembles Prometaphase • Micrtubules attach to the kinetochore • Chromosomes begin to move toward the equator of the cell Metaphase • Chromosomes are aligned at the equator of the cell called the metaphase plate • Chromosomes are attached to opposite poles and are under tension Anaphase • Proteins holding centromeres of sister chromatids are degraded, freeing individual chromosomes • Chromosomes are pulled to opposite poles • Spindle poles move apart Telophase • Chromosomes are clustered at opposite poles and decondense • Nuclear envelopes reform around chromosomes • Golgi complex and ER re-form • Cytokinesis • Plant vs Animal Control of the Cell Cycle • Irreversible points • Checkpoints MPF • Nondividing cells can be stimulated into division by MPF • MPF activity changes throughout the cell cycle • It is cyclin pluc cdc2 (aka Cdk) – What is a kinase? Three main Checkpoints • • • • G1/S G2/M Spindle Checkpoint (APC) Figure 10.20 Growth Factors • Trigger intracellular signaling systems • RTKs and MAP cascades G0 Phase • Dormant • Liver vs Intestinal Lining Cells Cancer • Tumor Suppressor genes- p53, Rb • Oncognes-ProtoOncogenes
