Download Kathryn.B Dictionary

C&E
Dictionary
By: Katie
Goal 1
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Albany Plan of Union
Aristocracy
Classical Republicanism
Due Process
Egalitarianism
Eminent Domain
Federalism
Free Exercise Clause
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Land Ordinance of 1785
Middle Passage
Northwest Ordinance
Salutary Neglect
Self-incrimination
Theocracy
3/5 Compromise
Albany Plan of Union
Benjamin Franklin proposed this
union for the colonies to come
together under one government
Pg. 27
Aristocracy
A group of people have all the power
Pg. 39
Classical Republicanism
Ideas from the Roman republic
to form a modern day Europe
Pg. 24
Due Process
The government must follow the laws
before taking action
Pg. 38
Egalitarianism
All men are equal and have natural
rights
Pg. 31
Eminent Domain
Government can take private
property and use it themselves
Pg. 38
Federalism
Levels of government that share
power
Pg. 36
Free Exercise Clause
Congress cannot pass a law that takes
away the freedom of religion
Pg. 37
Land Ordinance of 1785
Divides the land so that Congress
could sell the land to make money
Pg. 33
Middle Passage
Route from Africa to America and the
route used by ships brought slaves
to America
Pg. 21
Northwest Ordinance
Guidelines were created for how a state
could join the union and it also divided
land into small territories
Pg. 33
Salutary Neglect
Colonies governed themselves
Pg. 22
Self-incrimination
Defendants don’t have to testify
against themselves
Pg. 38
Theocracy
A government based on religion
Pg. 39
Three Fifths Compromise
Slaves account for 3/5 of a person
Pg. 34
Goal 2
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Budget Deficit
Committee System
Corporate Taxes
Excise Taxes
Expenditures
Ex Post Facto Laws
Full Faith & Credit
Clause
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Implied Powers
Income Tax
Regressive Taxes
Reprieves
Social Security
Treasure Bonds
Writ of Habeas Corpus
Budget Deficit
The government spends more money
then what it actually has
Pg. 64
Committee System
Committees in each house (Senate
and House of Representatives)
consider a bill before it goes
through the whole house
Pg. 48
Corporate Taxes
Taxes that businesses have to pay
Pg. 63
Excise Taxes
Taxes put on certain products
Pg. 63
Expenditures
Things the government has to pay for
Pg. 62
Ex Post Facto Laws
Laws that make past legal activity
illegal
Pg. 49
Filibuster
Someone continually talks to stall
progress
Pg. 48
Full Faith & Credit Clause
All states have to respect other states
laws
Pg.46
Implied Powers
Powers that are implied under the
Elastic Clause
Pg. 46
Income Tax
Tax placed on the money people
make
Pg. 63
Regressive Taxes
Take a large amount of money from
people that don’t make a lot of
money
Pg. 63
Reprieves
Delays sentencing
Pg. 50
Social Security
An income for people who have
reached retirement age
Pg. 63
Treasure Bonds
People loan the government money
Pg. 64
Writ of Habeas Corpus
A person can ask for a judge to review
their case
Pg. 49
Goal 3
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Alderman
Council-Manager Plan
Impact Fees
Legislative Initiative
Mayor-Council Plan
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Ordinances
Political Corruption
Redistricting
Referendum
14th Amendment
19th Amenndment
Alderman
Member of the City Council
Pg. 77
Council-Manager Plan
Citizens elects a council who then
hires a city manager
Pg. 77
Impact Fees
Fees that land developers have to pay
that are used to finance government
buildings
Pg. 85
Legislative Initiative
3/5 of both houses vote in favor of
proposed amendments
Pg. 73
Mayor-Council Plan
City Council passes ordinances
Pg. 77
Ordinances
Laws for a specific city
Pg. 77
Political Corruption
Leaders that take part in legal activity
lead to political corruption
Pg. 84
Redistricting
States redraw state and congressional
districts for voting
Pg. 84
Referendum
A vote made by NC citizens to pass a
proposed amendment
Pg. 73
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14
Amendment
Anyone born or naturalized in the
United States
Pg. 81
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19
Amendment
The right to vote is not determined by
your sex, men and women can vote
Pg. 81
Goal 4
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arbitration
caucus
civic responsibilities
glittering generalities
impartial jury
just plain folk
liberal
mediation
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multi-party system
patronage
plank
platform
plurality vote
political machines
reactionary
Arbitration
Where there is a third party present
in the decision and it makes the
agreement legally binding
Caucus
Instead of elections some parties hold
meetings to pick delegates
Civic Involvement
Is the involvement of people in both
the government and the community
Glittering Generalities
A type of propaganda that is used in
campaigns that appeal to the voters
likes
Impartial Jury
The sixth amendment states that
people are able to a trial by jury, so
they are appointed an impartial jury
which means they are unbiased
Just Plain Folk
The type of propaganda used to show
that candidates are just like the
normal everyday person
Liberal
People that would like more
government involvement or a more
active government
Mediation
Two people that are in a dispute
invite a third party to help a find
solution
Multi-Party System
A type of government that has more
then one political party
Patronage
Government officials promise people
positions for votes
Plank
A policy within a platform
Platform
A set of statements and policies that a
political party plans to pursue
Plurality Vote
Candidates only have to win the most
votes but they don’t have to have
the majority vote
Political Machines
They were state and local party
organizations that chose candidates
and they had a huge impact on
elections
Reactionary
Is a group that reacts to things like
radical changes or movements
Goal 5
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Annexation
Appellate Jurisdiction
Arraignment
Cloture
Filibuster
Indictment
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Infrastructure
Local Initiative
Original Jurisdiction
Pocket Veto
Torts
Annexation
A city expands by taking outside
territories
Appellate Jurisdiction
Courts with appellate jurisdiction can
review a courts decision that has
original jurisdiction
Arraignment
Defendant is informed of his or her
charges
Cloture
3/5th of a vote from the senators
saying to close a debate, then the
filibuster is over and a vote can then
take place
Filibuster
A senator continues to talk to stop a
vote or until the bill is withdrawn or
they convince people to vote “no”
Indictment
A charge saying someone has
committed a felony
Infrastructure
Utilities like sewage and water
Local Initiative
Is when people in a community sign a
petition
Original Jurisdiction
A court has original jurisdiction if they
can hear a case first
Pocket Veto
The President takes no action toward
a bill and just lets it die
Torts
Some civil cases are referred to as
“torts,” which involve alleged
injuries to someone’s reputation,
property, or business
Goal 6
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Administrative Law
Deterrence
Family Law
International Law
Jurisprudence
Monetary
Compensation
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Non-Economic Interests
Recidivism
Rehabilitation
Restitution
Retribution
Statutory Law
Administrative Law
Law that governs government
agencies
Deterrence
The prevention of further crimes
Family Law
Divorce, child custody, child support
payments, and adoptions are
examples of family law
International Law
Deals with laws that apply to all
nations
Jurisprudence
Study of law
Monetary Compensation
A convicted person has to pay money
in the form of a fine, restitution, or
compensation
Non-Economic Interests
Interests that don’t involve money for
the driving factor
Recidivism
Rate at which a criminal repeats a
past crime
Rehabilitation
Tries to turn criminals into good
citizens
Restitution
The money or property gained from a
criminal. The criminal will loose his
money or property
Retribution
Punishing a person for a crime they
committed
Statutory Law
Laws endorsed by a legislative body
Goal 7
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“Invisible Hand”
Agribusiness
Capitalism
Communism
Deficit Spending
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Economic Exchange
Karl Marx
Laissez-Faire
Marginal Cost
Socialism
“Invisible Hand”
Unseen force directing the market
Agribusiness
The replacement of small farms with
bigger ones
Capitalism
The owning of a capital by producing
firms
Communism
Everyone contributes to the common
good
Deficit Spending
Where governments spend more than
they have
Economic Exchange
Trading one thing for another
Karl Marx
He offered the idea of the working
class rising up and establishing
socialism
Laissez-Faire
French for “leave alone”; the
government should not try to
regulate the market
Marginal Cost
The cost of producing one of more
items
Socialism
Government controls all capital and
property
Goal 8
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Barter System
Fiscal Policy
Inflation
Limited Liability
Limited Life
• Multinational
Conglomeration
• Partnership
• Sole Proprietorship
• Substitute Goods
• Voluntary Exchange
Barter System
People traded their possessions for
things they wanted
Fiscal Policy
How the executive and legislative
branch spends money and imposes
taxes
Inflation
A rise in prices for most products
throughout the country
Limited Liability
Shareholders only lose what they
invest and they aren’t responsible
for the debts of the corporation
Limited Life
Seizes to exist after an owner dies or
retires unless it is past down
Multinational Conglomeration
A company that operates in more
than one country
Partnership
A business where two or more people
come together and share a business
Sole Proprietorship
A business owned by one person or a
household
Substitute Goods
Goods that can be used in the place
of other goods
Voluntary Exchange
Businesses and people can freely
exchange goods (services and
resources)
Goal 9
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“Easy Money” Policy
Deregulation
Economic Indicators
Federal Reserve
Globalization
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Immigration
Migration
Monetary Policy
Open Market
Operations
• Tariffs
“Easy Money” Policy
Federal Reserve decrease lowers the
required reserve and can free banks
Deregulation
To stop or decrease regulation of an
industry
Economic Indicators
Helps show the future health of the
economy (facts or data)
Federal Reserve
A central bank that’s purpose is to
control the money supply
Globalization
World-wide
Immigration
People coming from another country
Migration
Movement of people from one
location to another
Monetary Policy
The control of money by the Federal
Reserve
Open Market Operations
Sell or purchase of US Treasury Bonds
Tariffs
Taxes placed on an item from another
country
Goal 10
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Citizen apathy
Fiscal Responsibilities
Law and Order
Melting pot theory
National Security
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Patriotism
Prison reform
Rehabilitate
Social choices
Volunteer compliance
Citizen Apathy
A lack of concern from citizens
Fiscal Responsibilities
Responsibilities that concern money
Law and Order
The way someone should be
punished for a crime
Melting Pot Theory
A theory that the US works better
when people put aside their cultural
differences
National Security
Limits civil liberties to protect the US
from terrorism
Patriotism
Showing love and devotion for the
United States; showing pride for
your country
Prison Reform
Improving prisons so that there is a
more effective justice system
Rehabilitate
Transforming citizens into someone
who follows the laws
Social Choices
Citizens are allowed to choose their
lifestyle, groups they participate in,
and their religion as long as it is not
illegal
Volunteer Compliance
Abiding by the laws unless a law is
unjust and then citizens can protest