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FASCISM RISES IN EUROPE Benito Mussolini Adolf Hitler Objectives • How did Benito Mussolini transform Italy into a Fascist State? • Why did the Weimar Republic fail? • How did Adolf Hitler become an important figure in Germany? • How did the Nazis use power in Germany? Create this chart on your paper and fill it in as you go through this lesson Hitler Method of taking power Style of Leadership Handling of economic crisis Goals Mussolini Imagine • Imagine how you would feel if your government told you what music you could and could not listen to. Imagine if they told you that you were not allowed to go to college or that you had to join certain groups, or have a certain job. • Welcome to Totalitarian Governments SO JUST WHAT IS FASCISM? • • • • • ABSOLUTE LOYALTY TO THE STATE ABSOLUTE LOYALTY TO THE LEADER EACH CLASS HAS ITS OWN PLACE OUR LEADER GUIDES OUR STATE FASCISTS WORE UNIFORMS TO SHOW THEIR UNITY AND STREGNTH • MANY USED BRUTAL METHODS TO STOP THE OPPOSITION WHY DID FASCISM RISE? • Millions lose faith in democracy “Mob Rule is criticized.” • Germany and Italy are upset with the Treaty of Versailles • Economic Depression throughout Europe frustrate and impoverish millions. • All we need is a “strong leader” • The Myth of the Past versus the Present The Trouble with Treaties The Treaty and Germany Mussolini comes to power • Rising inflation, unemployment, and lack of territorial gains in 1919 lead Italy to Mussolini • He was a newspaper editor and politician who promised to rescue Italy • As he gained power, he became known as Il Duce meaning, The leader. • He abolished democracy and outlawed all political parties but Fascists. MUSSOLINI COMES TO POWER The Fuhrer is Supreme • Hitler wants control over every aspect of German Life • He turned to press, radio, literature, painting and film as propaganda tools. • Books that did not conform to Nazi beliefs were burned in large bonfires • Schoolchildren had to join the Hitler Youth and the League of German Girls • He believed in Social Darwinism HITLER TAKES OVER THIS SOUNDS STUPID!: HOW DID THE PEOPLE FALL FOR IT? • HYPNOTIC SPEAKERS CLOUDED THE ISSUES AND MESMORIZED MILLIONS • PEOPLE FELL FOR SIMPLE SOLUTIONS TO DIFFICULT PROBLEMS • THE “SHEEP” FACTOR • IN LOVE WITH THE PAST • ANTI-SEMITISM AND RACISM ALLOWED TO FLOURISH AND WHEN IT WAS ALL OVER… MILLIONS MORE WOULD DIE…..AGAIN Answers to the chart Method of taking power Style of Leadership Handling of economic crisis Goals Hitler Mussolini Appointed chancellor Appointed by king Became dictator Became dictator Revived economy Took control of economy Sought to regain lost lands and take more over Wanted Italy to return to its ancient greatness