Download What is RHETORIC and why do we study it?

Participial Phrases
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A participle is form of a verb that ends in
–ing (present participle) or –ed (past participle
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function as adjectives
take commas (or higher punctuation) on both sides
Write a poem using participial phrases
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
independent clause (sentence)
participial phrase
participial phrase
participial phrase
participial phrase
Persuasion: using language to make others do what you want.
IMPORTANCE: When we study rhetoric, it helps us notice the
persuasive techniques being directed at us as we read, hear, and view
text and other media every day in and outside of school.
It also helps us craft our own persuasive writing.
Rhetorical Triangle #1: Situation
Speaker
Occasi
on
Setting
Purpos
e
Audience
Purpose
What is a rhetorical strategy?
 A way of using language that is designed to influence
an audience’s thoughts about an issue.
 We will study three major rhetorical strategies:
 logos
 pathos
 ethos
Rhetorical Triangle #2: Strategies
Logos
Pathos
Ethos
Logos-appealing to the audience’s
sense of logic or intelligence.
• The Author’s Central Claim (Thesis)
• Explanation: Reasons the thesis is true
• Requirement / Action
•
___ is required in order to ___
• Object/ion
•
___ is used for ___
Evidence
 Evidence that the reasons are true
 Logical Examples
 Empirical-acquired by observation or experimentation (facts/data,
numbers/statistics, history)
 Anecdotal-relates a brief story
 Expert Opinions
 Personal Experience
• Opposites
•
___ is the opposite of ___
• Defining Characteristic
•
___ can be described as ___
Counterarguments
 Counterarguments acknowledge opposing views
 State the counterargument fairly
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
refute (explain why it’s wrong) –ORconcede (acknowledge that it’s right and explain why it doesn’t
matter)
Infoshots (Evidence)
Cause/Effect: ________ can cause ________.
Transformation: _________ transforms into ________.
Item/Category: _________ is a type of _________.
Defining Characteristic: ________ can be described as
________.
User/Tool: __________ uses __________.
Part/Whole: __________ is a part of a __________.
Opposites: _________ is the opposite of __________.
Synonyms: ________ is almost the same as _________.
Structure #1-LOGOS
1. Here is my view (Thesis)
2. Logical Reason/Evidence/Infoshot #1
3. Logical Reason/Evidence/Infoshot #2
4. Logical Reason/Evidence/Infoshot #3
5. Counterargument
5. Therefore….
Pathos-Appealing to the audience’s sense of
emotion using descriptive language.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Emotional connotations with
diction
personal anecdotes (stories)
imagery (vivid descriptions)
figurative language
tone (humor, sarcasm,
disappointment, excitement,
etc.)
 BEWARE OF:
Propaganda-an argument
that appeals ONLY to the
emotions is by definition
WEAK. Although
sometimes pathos alone can
be powerfully persuasive,
propaganda is generally
considered to be an empty
tactic, as it manipulates,
rather than appeals to, the
audience’s emotions.
Ethos - the speaker’s credibility and character
1. Speaker’s profession and/or background-valid
qualifications (expertise, knowledge, experience,
training)
2. Appropriate vocabulary, correct grammar
3. Evidence of shared values between speaker and
audience
4. Speaker is morally/ethically likeable
5. Appropriate tone of the text-makes a good
impression
6. Thoroughness of information
Application Time
Scenario: You’re a senior in high school and your curfew
is still set for midnight. All of your other friends don’t
have to be home until 2am. Your purpose is to
persuade your mom to extend your curfew.
-Write down 2 reasons with evidence that will convince
your mother why you deserve a later curfew. Focus on
incorporating statements that reflect all 3 appealslogos, pathos, and ethos. How can you appeal to your
mother’s emotions? How can you remind her of your
character and your credibility? Be ready to share your
argument with the class.