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The Technical Office of Varberg The Varberg building Presentation of the building Building concept Monitoring The summer monitoring The winter monitoring Major findings & suggestions More information... Back to “Select a building” NatVent Building presentation The Varberg building Presentation of the building Building concept Monitoring The summer monitoring The winter monitoring Major findings & suggestions More information... Back to “Select a building” NatVent The building is typical of Scandinavian design of the 1900’s. It was originally a school and has since been been renovated several times and converted into an office. It is a three - storey building with a total floor area of 2000 m2. Room heights vary between 3.8 and 5.8 meters. Ventilation is supplied by passive stacks and trickle vents. The building is heated by district heating. The building has a large thermal mass in the form of: Exposed heavy floor Exposed heavy external walls Exposed heavy internal walls The ceiling is a heavy structure, but it is covered by a false ceiling in most rooms. Building presentation The lay-out of the building The Varberg building Presentation of the building Building concept Monitoring The summer monitoring The winter monitoring Major findings & suggestions More information... Back to “Select a building” NatVent N Area specifically studied Building presentation The Varberg building Interior view Presentation of the building Building concept Monitoring Exterior view, north façade The summer monitoring The winter monitoring Major findings & suggestions More information... Back to “Select a building” NatVent Building concept The Varberg building Presentation of the building Building concept When the building was built, there were no building regulations for heating and ventilation. The designer’s intention was probably to create a healthy indoor environment. Monitoring The summer monitoring The winter monitoring Major findings & suggestions More information... The design concept is simple and aims to meet the following targets: good indoor air quality supplied by a passive ventilation system acceptable indoor air temperature in summer from a combination of passive stack ventilation, window opening and the effects of the thermal mass of the Back to “Select a building” NatVent building. Building concept indoor air quality & passive ventilation system The Varberg building Presentation of the building Outlets from the passive stacks at roof level Building concept Monitoring The summer monitoring Trickle vents with temperature control Openable windows Masonry passive stacks The winter monitoring Major findings & suggestions More information... Back to “Select a building” NatVent Exhaust air through passive stacks vents from different rooms District heating Building concept passive ventilation system - components The Varberg building Presentation of the building Building concept Monitoring The summer monitoring The winter monitoring Major findings & suggestions More information... Back to “Select a building” NatVent Building concept Reduction of direct solar gains The Varberg building Presentation of the building Building concept To provide protection from the sun, solar protecting film is attached to approximately half of the windows. On the south facade there are manually operated awnings (external shades). Monitoring The summer monitoring The winter monitoring Major findings & suggestions More information... Back to “Select a building” NatVent Monitoring The Varberg building Presentation of the building Building concept During monitoring ventilation rates, indoor air temperature and energy use were measured and the users were interviewed. Monitoring The summer monitoring The winter monitoring Major findings & suggestions More information... Back to “Select a building” NatVent The building was monitored for: one summer period and one winter period. Monitoring Energy use 1997 The Varberg building Total energy use: 128 kWh/m2 Presentation of the building Building concept Hot water Monitoring The summer monitoring District heating The winter monitoring Electricity Major findings & suggestions More information... Back to “Select a building” NatVent The use of electricity was low compared to new Swedish office buildings, but the energy use for heating was high. However, total energy use is comparable to new Swedish office buildings. Summer monitoring The Varberg building Measured air temperatures, Varberg, 06 to 31 August 1997 35 Building concept 30 Monitoring 25 Room 41 10 Room 49 More information... 5 Back to “Select a building” NatVent time (hours) 576 528 480 432 384 336 288 240 192 0 144 Outdoor 96 Major findings & suggestions 15 48 The winter monitoring 20 0 The summer monitoring temperature (°C) Presentation of the building Summer results, indoor and outdoor air temperatures were measured during 06 to 31 August 1997. Outdoor temperature were 5 °C higher than the normal monthly average for August. Summer monitoring - results The Varberg building The Swedish building code ventilation requirements of 0.35 l/s,m2 was satisfied for most of the time. The recommended air change rate of 7 litres / person / s is not achieved in every room. The IAQ is acceptable. The CO2 concentration varied between the background level and a maximum of 800 ppm (below the Swedish limit of 1.000 ppm) There is a clear overheating problem. The air temperature exceed 26°C 80% of the time. The weather was however 5°C warmer than normal for the period. Presentation of the building Building concept Monitoring The summer monitoring The winter monitoring Major findings & suggestions More information... Back to “Select a building” NatVent Winter monitoring 1200 Presentation of the building 1000 CO2-concentration (ppm) The Varberg building Building concept Monitoring The summer monitoring The winter monitoring Swedish CO2-limit: 1000 ppm 800 600 400 Major findings & suggestions 200 More information... 0 Weekend: no occupation no CO2-production 0 24 48 72 96 120 144 168 192 Time (days) Back to “Select a building” Winter results : Measured CO2 concentration in Varberg, 19 to 26 January 1998. The average outdoor air temperature was - 3 °C with a minimum of -10 °C and a maximum of +2 °C. NatVent Winter monitoring - results The Varberg building The Swedish building code ventilation requirements of 0.35 l/s,m2 was satisfied most of the time. The recommended air change rate of 7 litres / person / s is not achieved in every room. The relative humidity was low, 20 to 45 %, during the monitored winter period. A reasonable level is above 30 %, which is difficult to fulfil in most buildings in Sweden during winter. The CO2 contents varied between background level and maximums of 800 to 1100 ppm. The levels are acceptable most of the time. Presentation of the building Building concept Monitoring The summer monitoring The winter monitoring Major findings & suggestions More information... Back to “Select a building” NatVent Major findings The Varberg building The Swedish building code ventilation requirement of 0.35 l/sm² was satisfied for most of the time.The recommended air change rate of 7 litres / person / s is not achieved in every room. The CO2 concentrations were higher during the winter.The concentrations varied between the background level and maximums of between 800 and 1100 in different rooms. The levels of CO2 were acceptable for most of the time. In general, comfort levels were perceived as satisfactory. However, during a heat wave indoor air temperature were too high. Presentation of the building Building concept Monitoring The summer monitoring The winter monitoring Major findings & suggestions More information... Back to “Select a building” NatVent Suggestions for improvements The Varberg building To reduce overheating in summer: use night cooling, probably by including a fan in the passive stacks. improve the shading of the windows to reduce the solar gains by installing more awnings or new windows with solar reflective coating. install modern energy efficient lighting i. e. HF neon tubes, instead of the old ones. To increase the ventilation rate: modify the passive stacks to be fan assisted passive stacks or/and renovate the passive stacks and increase the size of the inlets. Presentation of the building Building concept Monitoring The summer monitoring The winter monitoring Major findings & suggestions More information... Back to “Select a building” NatVent More information... The Varberg building Presentation of the building Building concept Monitoring Find more information on the PROBE building in the following documents: \Reports \Monitoring Reports \Summary Reports\se2summ.pdf global presentation of the buildings (4p./building) contents: building description - ventilation strategy and technology winter and summer monitoring results - conclusions The summer monitoring The winter monitoring Major findings & suggestions \Reports \Monitoring Reports \Detailed Reports\se2det.pdf detailed reports of all 19 monitoring campaigns (20p./campaign) contents: monitoring set up - analysis of results - conclusions More information... Back to “Select a building” NatVent You can read and print pdf-files with the Acrobat® Reader ®3.0. Program. This program is free. Download it from the Acrobat web site: www.adobe.com OR run the installation file ar32e301(1).exe in the directory \Installation